
Glass L-L-L2l. 

Book ^■■^'^ 



A Concise Guide to the 
Town and University of 
Cambridge 



In an Introduction 

and four Walks 






By 



John Willis Clark 

M.A., Hon. LittD. (Oxf-X F.S.A. 

Registrary of the University 
Formerly Fellow of Trinity College 




Cambridge 

Macmillan and Bowes 

1906 






First Edition, August 1898. pp. xvi + 162. 

Second Edition, June 1902. pp. xvi4-175. 

India pa'per copies, pp. xxiv+175. 

[Special Edition for the British Association 1904.] 

Third Edition, August 1906. pp. xxiv + 191. 



PEEFACE. 

IN tlie Co?mse Guide here offered to the public, I do not 
profess to give an exhaustive account of Cambridge, but 
merely to draw the attention of a Visitor, who has only a 
short time at his disposal, to those places and things which 
appear to me to be the most important. With his convenience 
in view, I have made my descriptions as brief as possible ; 
I have given no historical references ; and I have rigorously 
excluded all matters requiring special knowledge or detailed 
examination. In one direction only have I attempted fuller 
accounts than are usually to be found in guide-books. With 
the kind cooperation of the Professors and others (whom I 
take this opportunity of thanking) I have described in some 
detail the Scientific Museums and Laboratories which of late 
years have been so largely developed by the University ; as 
also the Botanic Garden, the Observatory, the Fitzwilliam 
Museum, and the Museum of General and Local Archeology 
and of Ethnology. Students who require fuller information 
on the history of the Town and the University are referred to 
the following works : 

The Architectural History of the University. By the late Rob. Willis, 
M.A., edited by J. W. Clark, M.A., Camb. 1886. 

Cambridge described and illustrated. By T. D. Atkinson. Camb. 1897. 

The University of Cambridge. By J. B. Mullinger. 2 vols. Camb. 
1873—84. 

I have often heard strangers complain of the loss of 
time entailed by the difficulty of finding their way about 
Cambridge. I have therefore constructed Four Walks, in 



vi Preface 

the course of which, with the help of the Plan, everything 
of importance can be at least looked at ; and, lastly, for the 
convenience of those who are too much hurried to undertake 
these, I have constructed a Fifth Walk, in which those places 
only are mentioned which in my judgment are indispensable. 

I have prefixed to these walks an Introduction, in which 
I have attempted to trace, very briefly, the history of the 
Town, the University, and the Colleges ; and I have appended 
to them a Chronological Table, divided into the reigns of 
sovereigns, in which I have included a few leading events of 
general importance, to serve as landmarks to connect the 
history of the Town and University with that of the Kingdom. 

The friends who have helped me in the preparation of 
this work are too numerous to mention individually ; and 
I must ask them to accept this collective expression of my 
gratitude. Special thanks are due to : 

1. The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, for 
permission to use the text of their Architectural History of 
the University and Colleges — a permission of which I have 
largely availed myself — , and also for the loan of the following 
woodcuts : 

North West corner of the exterior of the Old Court of King's College 
(p. 22), Library of Trinity Hall (p. 26), Gate of Virtue (p. 30), Bookcases 
in Library of S. John's College (p. 59), Old Hall, Corpus Christi College 
(p. 125), Tower of S. Benedict's Church (p. 127), River Front of Queens' 
College (p. 134). 

2. The Cambridge Antiquarian Society, for the loan of a 
woodcut from their Proceedings and Communications : 

Section of the Castle Hill (p. 72). 

3. Messrs Cassell and Co., for the loan of the following 
woodcuts : 

Great S. Mary's Church (p. 4), Senate-House (p. 9), King's College 
Chapel, S. Porch (p. 12), Do. interior (p. 13), S. John's College Chapel 
(p. 51), Round Church, exterior (p. 63), Pitzwilliam Museum (p. 108), 
Pitt Press (p. 123). 



Preface vii 

4. Messrs Macmillan and Co., for the loan of a woodcut 
from Green's Short History : 

Bound Church, interior (p. 63). 

5. Messrs Seeley and Co., for the loan of the following 
woodcuts from Cambridge : Brief historical and descriptive 
Notes, by J. W. Qark, M.A. 

King's College, from the left bank of the Eiver (p. 20), Clare College, 
Gateway in East Kange (p. 23), Trinity College, Great Court (p. 41), 
S. John's College, Third Court (p. 60), Magdalene College, Pepysiau 
Library (p, 68), Christ's College Garden (p. 86), Jesus College, Entrance- 
gateway (p. 95). 

I proceed in the next place to give an outline of the Walks, 
with the page of the volume on which each place mentioned is 
described. The names of those places that are merely alluded 
to in passing are indented, and marked with an asterisk. This 
enumeration serves also as a table of contents. 



FIKST WALK. 

PAGE 

Great S. Mary's Church 3 

University Library 6 

Senate-House 9 

*King's Parade 10 

King's College 10 

West court of Library, with gateway 21 

Clare College 22 

Trinity Hall 25 

Gonville and Caius College 28 

Church of S. Michael 82 

*Ro8e Crescent 32 

♦Turk's Head Coffee-House 33 

Trinity College 33 

*Site of All Saints' Church 48 



vm 



First and Second Walk 



PAGE 

Selwyn Divinity School 48 

S. John's College 48 

Church of Holy Sepulchre ........ 62 

Church of S. Clement 65 

Great Bridge 65 

*Fisher Lane 66 

Magdalene College 66 

*The Cross Keys Inn 69 

Church of S. Giles 69 

Church of All Saints by the Castle 70 

Church of S. Peter by the Castle 70 

*Shire Hall 71 

Castle Hill 71 

*School of Pythagoras 74 

*Westminster Theological College .... 74 

Observatory 74 

*Erasmus' Walk 75 

Girton College 75 

SECOND WALK. 



Market- Place .... 

*Kose and Crown Inr 

Guildhall .... 
*Coru Exchange 
*Free Library 
*Mortlock's Bank 


1 












77 

78 
79 
79 
79 
79 


Church of S. Edward . 














79 


Petty Cury .... 
*Eed Lion Hotel 














80 
80 


Falcon Inn .... 
*Wrestlers' Inn 
*Barnwell Gate 
♦King's Ditch . 














80 
80 
80 
81 


Church of S. Andrew the Great . 














82 


Christ's College . 

*Wesleyan Chapel 
♦Fosters' Bank . 














82 
87 
87 


Church of the Holy Trinity . 














87 


Henry Martyn Hall . , , 














87 


Sidney Sussex College . 

♦University Pitt Club 
♦Friends' Meeting Ho 
♦Amateur Dramatic C 


use 
lub 












88 
90 
90 
90 



Second and Third Walk 



IX 



Jesus College 

Church of All Saints 

*MicIsummer Common and 

The Kiver 

Stourbridge Fair .... 

Stourbridge Chapel 

Church of S. Andrew the Less 

*Abbey House . 
Barnwell Priory .... 

* Christ Church 
Parker's Piece .... 

*University Arms Hotel 

New Theatre 

*New Police Station . 
*Baptist Chapel 

Castle Inn 

Downing College .... 
*Presbyterian Church 

Emmanuel College 



Fair 



PAGE 

91 

99 

99 

99 

101 

101 

101 
102 

102 
102 

102 

102 

103 
103 
103 

103 
103 
104 

105 



THIRD WALK. 



Fitzwilliam Museum . . . . . 

Addenbrooke's Hospital 

Fitzwilliam Hall 

Peterhouse 

Church of S. Mary the Less 

Museum of General and Local Archeology and of Ethnology 

Fitzwilliam Museum of Classical Archeology 

*Emmanuel Congregationalist Church 

Pembroke College 

University Printing- Press 

*Trumpington Gate 

Church of S. Botolph 

Corpus Christi College 

*London and County Bank .... 
Church of S. Benedict 

*BuU Hotel 

S. Catharine's College 

Queens' College 

* Small Bridges 

King's Mill and Bishop's Mill 

C. b 



107 

110 

111 

111 

114 

115 

118 
118 

119 
122 
123 
123 

124 

126 

126 
128 

128 

131 

134 

134 



Fourth and Fifth Walk 



PAGE 

Ridley Hall 135 

Newnham College 136 

Selwyn College 137 

*Eme Eange 138 



FOUKTH WALK. 



Museums of Science 








139 


The Medical School 








143 


Zoology .... 








146 


Physiological Laboratory 








151 


Human Anatomy 








152 


Mineralogy 








153 


Zoological Laboratory 








155 


Cavendish Laboratory of Experimental Phys 


ics 




156 


Mechanism and Engineering Laboratory 






159 


Chemical Laboratory .... 






160 


The Squire Law Library and Law School 






163 


The Botany School .... 






165 


The Sedgwick Museum of Geology 






. 170 


Botanic Garden .... 


. 






. 177 



FIFTH WALK. 
(Supplemen tary. ) 

Great S. Mary's Church 3 

King's College 10 

Clare College . .22 

Walk down Avenue to Backs of Colleges and return 

through Trinity College Avenue 

Trinity College 33 

S. John's College 48 

Church of Holy Sepulchre 62 

Jesus College 91 

Walk to "Four Lamps," and thence diagonally across 

Christ's Pieces to Christ's Lane, and 

Christ's College 82 

Petty Cury 80 

Market-Place 77 



Fifth Walk 


xi 




PAGE 


Church of S. Benedict 


. 126 


Corpus Christi College 


. 124 


S. Catharine's College 


. 128 


Cross the court of S. Catharine's College to 




Queens' College 


. 131 


Pembroke College 


. 119 


Peterhouse 


. Ill 


Fitzwilliam Museum 


. 107 


Chionological Summary 


. 185 


Index 


. 189 



b-2 



CAB FARES. 

The following rates or fares shall be paid for hackney coaches and 
other carriages licensed to ply for hire from seven in the morning to 
eleven o'clock at night. 

Between eleven o'clock at night and seven o'clock in the morning, 
fares shall be one and a half times those stated in the following tables. 

The hirer shall decide whether the hiring is to be taken by time or 
distance, but if nothing be said on the subject it shall be taken to be by 
distance. 

Fares for Time. 





Description of Carriage and ISTo. 
of Passengers to be carried. 


Pebiod of Time. 


Carriage drawn by one , 
horse, conveying not 
more than three per- 
sons. 


Carriage drawn by two 
horses, conveying not 
more than seven per- 
sons. 


Carriage drawn by one 
horse, conveying more 
than three persons, for 
each additional person 
beyond that number. 


If the time does not exceed one hour 
If the time exceeds one liour: 

For the first hour 

For each succeeding quarter of an hour or 
part thereof 

For the whole time whatever period . . 


s. d. 
2 6 

2 6 

6 


s. d. 
4 6 

4 6 

1 


s. d. 

6 



Fares for Distance. 





Description of Carriage. 


Distance. 


Carriage drawn by 
one horse, and con- 
veying one person. 


Carriage drawn by 
two horses.and con- 
veying one person. 


If the distance does not exceed one mile and a half : 

For the whole distance 

If the distance exceeds one mile and a half : 

For the first mile and a half 

For each succeeding half mile or part thereof . . 

For each additional person for the whole journey . . 


s. d. 
1 

1 
6 
6 


s. d. 
1 6 

1 6 

9 
9 



Luggage not exceeding 112 lb. in weight shall be carried in or upon a 
hackney carriage without any additional charge. When in excess of 
112 lb. there shall be charged and payable a sum after the rate of 
sixpence for every 56 lb. in weight, or any part thereof. 

Every driver of a hackney carriage shall afford all reasonable assist- 
ance in loading and unloading any luggage to be conveyed, or which has 
been conveyed, in or upon such carriage, and belonging to or in the charge 
of any person hiring or being conveyed in such carriage. 



TIME TABLE. 



A. SERVICES IN COLLEGE CHAPELS. 



Open on Week-days. 

10 a.m. — 4 p.m. 

11 a.m. — 12 noon. 
2—3 p.m. 

12 noon — 1 p.m. 
2—3 p.m. 

11 a.m. — 12 noon. 
3—4 p.m. 



King's College. Sunday 10.30 a.m. 3.30 p.m. 
Week-days 5 p.m. 

Trinity College. Sunday 11 a.m. 6.45 p.m. 
Week-days 7.15 p.m. 

S. Jolin's College. Sunday 10.30 a.m. 6 p.m. 
Week-days 6.30 p.m. 

Jesus College. 



B. SERVICES IN PARISH CHURCHES. 



* before an hour (e. 

^All Saints. 

-S. Andrew tlie Great. 



^S. Andrew the Less. 
Ctirist Cimrch. 

Abbey Churcli. 

2s. Benedict. 
2S. Botolpli. 

2S. Clement. 

-S. Edward. 



*8 a.m.) means that the Holy Communion will be celebrated 
at the Service indicated. 

Sunday *8 a.m. 11 a.m. 7 p.m. (*lst in month, 
11.45). Tuesday 10.30 a.m. Thursday * 8 a.m. 
Daily (except Wednesday) 8 a.m., 6.30 p.m. 

Sunday *8 a.m. 11 a.m. (* 1st and 3rd), 6.45 p.m. 
Week-days 10.30 a.m. 4 p.m. (Advent and 
Lent). Wednesday 7.30 p.m. 

Sundays *8 a.m. 11 a.m. (*lst and 3rd), 
6.45 p.m. {* 2nd). Week-days 9.30 a.m. 
7.30 p.m. 

Sunday 11a.m. (*lst), 6.45p.m. (*3rd). Thursday 
7.30 p.m. 

Sunday *8a.m. 11a.m. (*lst and 3rd), 6.45 p.m. 

Sunday *8 a.m. 11 a.m. (*every Sunday and Saints' 
Day), 7p.m. Week-days 11a.m. 

Sunday *7.45 a.m. *10.30a.m.ll.30a.m.6.45p.m. 
Week-days 7 a.m. *7.30a.m. 8p.m. 

Sunday *8a.m. 11a.m. (*12 noon 2nd and 4th), 
7 p.m. 

1 Open 10—6. - Open. 3 Not open. 



XIV 

IS. Giles. 

^S. Peter's. 

1 S. Mary tlie Great. 

^S. Mary the Less. 

^S. Matthew's. 
S. Michael's. 

^S. Paul's. 

^Holy Sepulchre. 
^Holy Trinity. 

1 Open. 



Time Table 

Sunday *8 a.m. (also *lst 7 a.m.), 10.15 a.m. 
'■'11 a.m. 6.45 p.m. Week-days ^^7.30 a.m. 
Wednesday and Friday 7.45 p.m. Other days 
6p.m. 

Week-days 10 a.m. 

Sunday *8a.m. 11a.m. *10a.m. (1st) (*12 noon 

every Sunday), 6.45p.m. Week-days 9.15a.m. 

6.30 p.m. 

Sunday *8a.m. (also *lst 7 a.m. *2nd 6 a.m.), 
10.45 a.m. 3.15, 4, 6.45 p.m. Week-days 
*7.30a.m. 

Sunday *8a.m. 11a.m. (*2nd and last), 3.15p.m. 
(*lst), 6.45 p.m. 

Sunday *8a.m. 11 a.m. (*12 noon every Sunday, 

Choral 1st), 6.45 p.m. 
Holy Days *8 a.m. 11a.m. 5 p.m. 
Sunday *8 a.m. 11 a.m. (*lst), 3 p.m. 7 p.m. 

(*4th). Week-days 7.45 a.m. Wednesday and 

Friday 11a.m. Wednesday 7.30 p.m. 
Sunday *8a.m. 11a.m. (^^Ist and 3rd), 6.45p.m. 

Week-days : Wednesday 7.30 p.m. 
Simdays *8 a.m. 11 a.m. (*lst), 3.15 p.m. 

6,45 p.m. (*3rd). Week-days : Wednesday 

7.30 p.m. 



a Open 7.30—10.30. 3 Not open. 
5 Until sunset (except Saturday). 



4 10-4. 



C. SERVICES 



OTHER CHURCHES. 



Baptist. 

Congregational. 
Prestoyterian. 
Roman Catholic. 

Wesleyan. 



St Andrew's Street. Sunday 10.30 a.m. 6.30 p.m. 

Wednesday 7.30 p.m. 
Zion Chapel, East Eoad. Sunday 10.30 a.m. 

6.30 p.m. Wednesday 7.30 p.m. 

Emmanuel Church, Trumpington Street. Sunday 
11a.m. 7 p.m. Wednesday 8 p.m. 

S. Columba's, Downing Street. Sunday 11 a.m. 

7p.m. 
Hills Eoad. Sunday 8.30a.m. 11a.m. 3p.m. 7p.m. 

Week-days : Monday 7.30 a.m. and 9.15 a.m. 

Other days 7.30 a.m. 8 a.m. (Friday 8 p.m.). 

Saturday 8 a.m. Tuesday 4.25 p.m. 
Hobson Street. Sunday 10.30 a.m. 6.30 p.m. 

Tuesday 7.30 p.m. 
Hills Eoad. Sunday 11a.m. 6.30 p.m. Tuesday 

7.30 p.m. 



Time Table xv 



D. ADMISSION TO MUSEUMS. 

Archeology, Classical : same hours as Fitzwilliam. 

,, General and Local and Ethnology (Curator, Baron A. von 

Hiigel, M.A,, Croft Cottage, Barton Eoad) : 10 a.m. — 6 p.m. in 
summer; 10a.m. — 4p.m. in winter. 

Fitzwilliam (Director, Dr M. K. James, King's College): 10a.m. — 4p.m. 
1 Sept. — 30 Apr.; 10a.m. — 6p.m. 1 May — 24 June; 10a.m. — 5p.m. 
25 June — 31 Aug. 

Geology, Woodwardian (Curator, Mr H. Keeping): 9a.m. — 5 p.m. 

Museums of Science: inquire of the Porter, Mr H. Lunn, at the entrance 
in Free School Lane. 

Botanical: 9 — 5p.m. 



Botanic Garden: 8a.m. — dusk, during the winter months; 8a.m. — 8p.m. 
during the summer months : the precise hour being indicated by a 
notice posted at each gate. The plant-houses may be visited by 
strangers after 2 p.m. 

Free Library : 10 a.m. — 9.80 p.m. 

Observatory : by application to the Director, Sir E. Ball. 

Trinity College Library : 2 — 4 p.m. ; if accompanied by a Fellow of the 
College, 11 a.m. — 4 p.m. 

University Library : 9.30a.m.— 3.80p.m. 15 Nov. to 31 Jan. ; 10a.m. — 
4 p.m. 1 Feb. to 14 Nov. ; 9 a.m. — 2 p.m. on Saturdays. 

Squire Law Library : 10 a.m. — 1 p.m. 



INTEODUCTION. 

IN the following Introduction I propose to give a general 
account of the Town, the University, and the Colleges ; with 
the relations that subsist between those three bodies. Such 
an account need not be long ; but without some explanation 
a visitor will lose much of the advantage that he would 
otherwise derive from his examination of the place and the 
buildings. 

It is natural to imagine that the Town grew up very 
gradually, as an appanage to the University, just as the 
dwellings of retainers might nestle at the feet of a castle, 
or outside the gates of a monastery. This explanation of the 
relations of the Town to the University is less erroneous 
now-a-days than it was in the Middle Ages. It must be 
admitted that the University (in which term the Colleges 
are included) is the principal object of interest in Cambridge; 
and the most ardent supporter of the right of the Town to 
independence cannot deny that if the University did not 
exist there would be but little reason for the existence of the 
Town. 

If, however, we transport ourselves back to a remote 
period, some seven or eight centuries ago, we shall find a 
town of peculiar and considerable importance before the 
University had come into existence. It was not "a marsh 
town," as it has been contemptuously designated, but it was 



Introduction xvii 

"a frontier town," beyond which stretched the great Fen, 
impassable except to those who were in the secret of its 
solitudes. It had a river — "the life of the trafficke to this 
Towne and Countie," as it could still be called in the reign 
of James the First — which enabled it to draw an inexhaustible 
supply of all the necessaries of life from the surrounding 
country, and also from the continent through the port of 
Lynn ; it was traversed by one of the great roads which, 
whether Roman or not, led direct from London ; it afforded, 
by its Great Bridge, a means of communication between the 
eastern counties of England and the midlands ; and, lastly, 
it had a Fair which was one of the most extensive marts of 
the Middle Ages, and must have made it a much frequented 
centre of trade. 

Ancient Cambridge was spread out along the right bank 
of the Cam from the Mills to the Great Bridge; and the 
busiest part of it lay between the street leading to those Mills 
and the river. Here were the numerous wharfs or hythes at 
which the merchandise brought in barges up the stream was 
landed, and the numerous lanes connecting the hythes with 
Milne Street or High Street. On the side remote from the 
river the extent of the town was defined, by a ditch, called 
the King's Ditch, planned by King John, and completed by 
King Henry the Third in 1267. The area included between 
these boundaries was in shape like the section of a pear ; 
and near the end where the stalk would grow was the Bridge, 
leading to a steep road which climbed the Castle Hill. What- 
ever may be the date of that mound, it seems certain that 
the castle at its foot was not built on the site of a Boman 
Station, as the antiquaries of the eighteenth century main- 
tained ; and further, that it was never more than a third-class 
fortress, which may have lent a certain dignity to the town, 
but could not have afforded it any serious protection. 

The river was originally called the Granta, or, more 



xviii Introduction 

familiarly, le Ee and le Ree. The earliest form of the town's 
name was Grantanbrycge or Grentebi'ige, which in process of 
time became Ganthrigge and Caumhrege. Lastly, in the 
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when it became necessary 
to find a name for the river, the old name of the town having 
been forgotten, Cam was adopted from Cam-bridge the shortened 
form of Caumbridge. Thus the river derived its name from 
the town, and not the town from the river, as was formerly 
supposed. 

The streets in medieval Cambridge were narrow and 
tortuous, and their condition, as regards want of repair and 
want of cleanliness, such as would have driven a modern 
sanitator distracted. Even in ancient times many references 
to this subject are to be met with. The houses, for the most 
part, were of wood. A stone-house is so described, as though 
it were a rarity. Many of the private dwellings had gardens, 
in some of which ' a parcel of vines ' is referred to, and in the 
very centre of the town we meet with Piron-Lane, so-called, 
says a medieval writer, from the pear-trees which grew near 
it. The wharfs above mentioned were doubtless as busy as 
the corresponding parts of a seaport town ; and I can myself 
remember the long trains of barges which, even for many years 
after the railroad was constructed, arrived almost daily from 
Lynn, and the bustle which they occasioned round the Mill 
Pool or at the Great Bridge, where they used to unload their 
cargoes. 

Further, in estimating the way in which medieval Cambridge 
grew up, it should be remembered that Norman architecture 
is confined to the neighbourhood of the castle, the foundations 
of which were laid by the Conqueror. The churches of 
S. Griles and S. Peter both bear traces of Norman influence ; 
but, on the other side of the river, the only Norman work 
within the King's Ditch is the church of the Holy Sepulchre. 
The church of S. Benedict, in the heart of the medieval town, 



Introduction xix 

is pre-Norman, and may very likely have been the church 
of the small town or village which was in existence when 
the Normans came. On the high ground where the castle 
was afterwards built there were houses — some of which, as 
Domesday Book records, were destroyed to make way for the 
stronghold. As time went on more houses would be built 
along the street leading to the river ; and, in a similar way, 
the village on the opposite bank would extend itself along 
the other portion of the road until the two had nothing 
between them except the Bridge. 

To the commercial interests of Cambridge there was added, 
at an unknown period, and by an unknown agency, the 
corporation of teachers which we describe as the University. 
It must not, however, be supposed that someone said : " Let 
us found a University at Cambridge." No University, so far 
as we know, was ever founded anywhere. Such an institution 
started from very small beginnings, and " broadened slowly 
down, from precedent to precedent," till, in this case, it 
became one of those stately associations of learned men of 
which the two English examples are now the sole survivors. 
Nor, again, must it be supposed that the word Universitas 
or University meant in the Middle Ages what it means now. 
It meant simply "the whole of" any persons to whom a 
document was addressed. In early days the word was 

"never used absolutely. The phrase is always 'University of Scholars,' 
' University of Masters and Scholars,' ' University of Study ' or the like. 
It is a mere accident that the term has gradually come to be restricted 
to a particular kind of Guild or Corporation, just as the terms ' Convent,' 
'Corps,' 'Congregation,' 'College,' have been similarly restricted to 
certain specific kinds of association i." 

What, then, was the probable beginning in Cambridge of 
what we call the University ? Some teacher on his travels — 
perhaps at the time of Stourbridge Fair — may have attracted 
^ Rashdall, Universities of Europe, i. 7. 



XX Introduction 

an audience ; his lectures may have been popular, and he 
may have been asked to repeat them in the following year ; 
the great monasteries of the Fenland, and the smaller houses 
of the same Orders in Cambridge, may have associated them- 
selves with this educational movement ; the required element 
of permanency may have thus been gained; and so, very 
gradually, the little body may have developed an organisation 
of the required type, with a Eector and a body of Masters ; 
after which the distinction of being called a Studium Generale 
— the medieval equivalent for a modern University — w^ould 
in a very short time be conferred upon the new body. 

There is no doubt that the University, whatever may have 
been its origin, grew and flourished in Cambridge ; for when 
we first become aware of its existence — in the reign of 
Henry III. — it comes before us as a powerful, self-asserting 
corporation, pluckily defending itself against aggression, and, 
it must be admitted, assuming an air of superiority not wholly 
justified either by its length of days or by its intellectual 
achievements. 

It must be admitted with regret that from the first 
appearance of a corporation of scholars in this place there 
dates also a long series of bitter feuds with the Town; 
the scholars claiming for themselves complete immunity from 
authority and taxation, and, further, insisting upon their rights 
to carry the war into the camp of the common enemy, by 
testing their weights and measures, by prescribing what 
amusements should be allowed and v/hat forbidden, and by 
tr3dng to enforce morality by action in the court of the Vice- 
Chancellor. This state of things has now, we may hope, been 
definitely put an end to by Act of Parliament, the University 
surrendering the points of jurisdiction which seemed to cause 
special annoyance. 

The buildings required for such a corporation as this 
must have been at the outset were simple enough; they 



Introduction xxi 

consisted of a place of meeting ; a library ; and schools 
for teaching, or, to use a modern phrase, a number of 
lecture-rooms. These wants were supplied at first by- 
certain detached houses standing close together in School 
Street — now represented by the flagged pathway leading 
from Senate House Hill to the University Library, and past 
it to the Gate of Honour of Gonville and Caius College — 
bearing names which indicate their original destination very 
clearly — as, for instance, Gramerscole, Artscole, Law School, 
Theology School, etc. Each of these was probably the 
lecture-room of a single teacher. Subsequently, in 1278, a 
plot of ground was given to the University, on which, in 
after years, a School of Theology was built, with what we 
should call a Senate House above it. Other pieces of ground 
were added gradually, with other buildings, and by the end 
of the fifteenth century a quadrangular structure was finished, 
which — after undergoing many fundamental changes — is now 
almost entirely appropriated to the University Library. It 
should be remembered, however, that until the Museums and 
Lecture Rooms on the site of the old Botanic Garden were 
begun some forty years ago, these were almost the only 
buildings in which University, as opposed to Collegiate, in- 
struction was carried on. 

In the thirteenth century both those who taught and 
those who learnt lived where they pleased, the former main- 
taining themselves by the fees paid to them by their pupils. 
In process of time this system was found to be inconvenient, 
in the first place as regarded the teachers ; and it was to 
supply them with board and lodging that the collegiate 
system was started. The undergraduate of those days, like a 
German student at the present time, lodged where he pleased, 
and kept such company as suited his age and his tastes, 
without let or hindrance from Proctors or other University 
authorities. The one thing the University really cared about 



XXll 



Introduction 



was to keep their students out of the hands of the town 
authorities. 

The Senate took effectual steps, in conjunction with the 
burghers, to prevent extortion in the matter of the rent charged 
for lodgings, but with that exception young men in medieval 
Cambridge were left to manage their own affairs. It was 
not till after they had themselves inaugurated a system of 
Hostels or lodging-houses, in which a number lived together 
with a Master to look after their studies, their food, and their 
morals, that the Colleges made arrangements for receiving 
within their precincts young men who had not proceeded to 
any degree. "^ 

It will be readily understood that the buildings required 
for these early Colleges were extremely simple. The Founder 
generally selected a site on which a house large enough to 
contain his benefici&ries was already standing ; and if there 
was a parish church in the immediate neighbourhood, so 
much the better, for then less time would be lost in going 
to and from the daily services. The chapel, the library, the 
Master's lodge, and the stately gateways, which form so 
distinctive a feature in the later Colleges, were wholly absent 
from the earlier. In fact, as Professor Willis has pointed out, 
'' until the collegiate system had stood the test of a long trial, 
it was impossible to determine which arrangement of buildings 
would be best adapted for its practical working, while the 
continual growth and improvement of the system in each 
successive foundation demanded enlargements and changes \" 
I need not say more upon this matter in this place, for in my 
account of each College I have been careful to point out the 
successive dates of the different portions, so that a visitor 
can trace the gradual development for himself. 

There can be little doubt that, when the collegiate system 

1 Architectural History^ iii. 248. 



Introduction xxiii 

had become an assured success, the plan of collegiate buildings 
was modelled on that of the manor-houses which had gradually 
superseded the castles as residences for the nobility. If the 
plan of Queens' College be compared with that of Haddon Hall, 
or any other fifteenth century mansion, the truth of this 
theory will be at once recognised. 

It would be interesting, were space and materials at my 
disposal, to trace the course of education at Cambridge, as 
divided between the University and the Colleges. At first, 
as I have already shewn, the Colleges provided shelter for 
teachers engaged in University work. The University, in its 
corporate capacity, provided lecture-rooms, and conducted the 
examinations, then entirely oral, which preceded the degree. 
A degree, it must be remembered, was merely a license to 
teach ; and only those proceeded to it who proposed to follow 
that profession. In the sixteenth century, when Professor- 
ships began to be founded, as for instance by the Lady 
Margaret and by Henry the Eighth, it was as University 
officers that the Professors delivered their lectures. After the 
Reformation, however, when most of the Colleges had received 
undergraduates within their walls, they began to resent inter- 
ference with what they regarded as their own special province. 
They could not do away with University examinations, but 
they could, and did, control the education which prepared 
students for them. College lectures were developed ; and the 
system of private tuition was introduced. The lecture-rooms 
of the Professors were deserted, unless they dealt with a 
subject too technical to be taught elsewhere, as for instance 
Divinity, and the courses required for degrees in Medicine 
or in Law ; or unless they were men of special popularity, 
who were listened to whether their lectures were useful or 
not as preparation for a degree. 

Our own day has witnessed a remarkable change. On the 
scientific side education has reverted to the Universitv, and 



xxiv Introduction 

within the last forty years a splendid series of Museums and 
Lecture Rooms has been built, while others are still in build- 
ing. These are thronged with students, whose studies are 
directed by the Professors, the Readers, the Lecturers, and 
the Demonstrators required by each science. In many de- 
partments the teaching, supplemented as it is by the most 
modern appliances and instruments, is probably more thorough 
than any that can be met with either in England or in 
Europe ; while the original research that is being constantly 
carried forward is fruitful in results of great scientific value. 

The University, speaking generally, has no corporate funds, 
and the annual income derived from the fees of students is 
entirely inadequate to meet such an outlay as modern scientific 
education demands. Parliament has therefore sanctioned an 
increase in the income of the University by taxation of the 
Colleges. After all charges have been met the net divisible 
income pays a certain percentage to the University, the 
disposal of which is regulated by the Senate. Thus the 
Colleges at the present day are in even closer relation to 
the general teaching of the University than when they merely 
supplied board and lodging to those who gave instruction. 

JOHN WILLIS CLARK. 

August, 1906. 



CAMBEIDGE. 



GENERAL DIRECTIONS TO A STRANGER. 

On leaving the Railway Station a visitor may either walk 
into the centre of the town (a distance of about Ij miles) or 
take a cab or tram-car. 

In either case he passes down Station Road, and then 
turns to the right into a road which, under the various names 
of Hills-Road, Regent Street, St Andrew's Street, Sidney 
Street, Bridge Street, Magdalene Street, and Castle Street, 
passes through Cambridge from south to north, and represents 
the Roman Via Devana. 

On entering this road he passes, left, the Wesley an Chapel, 
a Gothic building, built 1872 ; right, S. Paul's Church, built 
1842 ; and on the same side of the street the Perse Grammar 
School, founded 1615, by Stephen Perse, M.D., Fellow of 
Gonville and Caius College. It was rebuilt on this site in 
1890. The Perse School for girls is at a little distance in 
Panton Street. Opposite to this School, at the corner of Hills 
Road and Lensfield Road, is the Roman Catholic Church of 
Our Lady and the English Martyrs, built at the sole 
cost of Mrs Lyne-Stephens, 1887 — 1890 ; and consecrated 
8 October, 1890. It was designed by Messrs Dunn of New- 
castle-on-Tyne. It is 165 ft. long, and 83 ft. broad, with a 
spire 216 ft. high. A rectory-house, of red briclv, adjoins the 
church. 

At this point the visitor should turn to the left along 
Lensfield Road, which joins the Hills Road to the Trumpington 
Road. On his right are the newly-built houses called Downing 



c. 



2 Roman Catholic Church 

Grove, behind which, are the grounds of Downing College 
(p. 103> 




SPIRE OF^ THE CHURCH OP OUR LADY AND 
THE ENGLISH MARTYRS. 

On reaching the Trumpington Road, or Trumpington 
Street, the visitor finds himself in what was formerly the usual 



Great S, Mary^s Church 3 

entrance to Cambridge, when approaclied by coach or carriage 
from London. On his left, at the corner of Lensfield Road 
and Trumping-ton Road, is the old stone Conduit, erected on 
the Market Hill in 1614, when a supply of fresh water was 
brought into the town from the springs of Nine Wells, in the 
parish of Shelford. This conduit was removed to its present 
position in 1855. On the opposite side of Trumpington Road 
a glimpse may be obtained of the Leys School, founded in 
1875 for the education of the sons of Wesleyan Methodists. 
It is not, however, confined to any sect. The number of boys 
is now about 170. 

Proceeding down Trumpington Street the following build- 
ings, to be described subsequently, are passed : right, Adden- 
brooke's Hospital; left, Fitzwilliam Museum; right, Fitzwilliam 
Hall, the headquarters of the non-collegiate students ; lefty 
Peterhouse, the parish church of S. Mary the Less, and the 
Congregational Meeting-House or Emmanuel Church ; 7'ight, 
Pembroke College ; left, between Mill Lane and Silver St., 
the University Press ; right, S. Botolph's Church, Corpus 
Christi College, and S. Benet's Church ; left^ S. Catharine's 
College, and King's College. 

The tramway ends at the north-west corner of the Market- 
place, where we will suppose the visitor to begin his 

FIRST WALK 
with a detailed examination of 

Great S. Mary's Church, 

the largest and most important church in Cambridge. It is a 
parish church, and is also used by the University for sermons 
on Sundays, the Litany on Ash- Wednesday, and occasionally 
at other times. 

A church in this position was consecrated 1351 ; the 
existing church, an excellent specimen of Perpendicular Gothic, 
142 ft. long, by 65 ft. broad, was begun 1478, but proceeded 
very slowly, notwithstanding the strenuous efforts of the 
University to obtain subscriptions by sending the Proctors on 
horseback through England with begging-letters. The nave- 
roof was not framed till 1506 ; the tower was begun 1491, and 

1—2 



4 Great S. Mary's CJmrch 

carried up to top of west window 1530. The belfry-stage was 
begun 1593, and finished 1608. A west door of the Renais- 
sance existed till 1851. when Sir G. G. Scott replaced it by 
the present one. 




GREAT S. MARY'S CHURCH. 



On entering, note nave of five bays, with clerestory, two 
windows to each bay. The font, dated 1632, is a good 
specimen of Jacobean Gothic. The oak benches, with poppy- 
heads, may be referred to same period. The galleries, designed 
by James Gibbs, were added 1735, with funds bequeathed by 
W. Worts, M.A., of Catharine Hall. Between 1738 and 1760 
the University built a huge structure in the chancel called the 
Throne, but commonly known as Golgotha, for the Vice-Chan- 
cellor, Doctors, Professors, and University Ofiicers to sit in. As 
part of the same work, a huge pulpit stood in the centre of the 
nave, which was seated with benches standing east and west. 
This part was nick-named The Pit. The appearance of the whole 
was so unusual and indecorous that Archdeacon Hare called it 



Gi^eat S, Mary's Church 6 

'an example of the world turned topsy-turvy.' In 1863 the 
Rev. H. K. Luard, M.A., Vicar, effected the present excellent 
arrangement, at a cost of nearly £7,000, mostly raised by sub- 
scription. The following special gifts deserve commemoration. 
The altar was given by the English Church Union, and the 
reredos by Rev. J. B. Lightfoot, D.D. (1865). The latter work 
represents the Crucifixion, between S. Paul at Athens (right), 
Samuel and the Schools of the Prophets {left). The piscina and 
sedilia in the south wall, probably part of the original church, 
were restored by subscription in 1866. In the same year the 
altar-rails, steps, sacrarium pavement, and gas-standards, were 
given by A. A. VanSittart, M.A., Trinity. The lectern was 
given by Mr W. H. Hattersley (1867), and the altar-chairs by 
Mr A. H. Moyes (1868). The east window was given by the 
Rev. H. R. Luard, Vicar, 1869 ; and the window on the north 
side, representing the Resurrection, by the same in memory of 
Mrs Luard, 1890. 

The subjects in the East Window are: I. Above the transom, The 
Virgin and Child between the Adoration of the Kings (left) and the 
Adoration of the Magi (right) : II. Below the transom, from left to right : 
The Annunciation ; The Visitation ; The Angels appearing to the Shep- 
herds ; The Presentation ; The Flight into Egypt. 

The window on the south side commemorates Rev. Ch. 
Hardwick, M.A.., Archdeacon of Ely, died 18 August, 1859. 
The niches in the east wall were restored by Trinity College, 
to whom the chancel belongs, in 1867 ; the sculptures, repre- 
senting the Brazen Serpent (north), and Abraham and Isaac 
(south), commemorate Rev. W. H. Mill, D.D., Regius Professor 
of Hebrew, died 25 Dec. 1853. The monument of Wm. 
Butler, M.A., fellow of Clare Hall, a celebrated physician 
(d. 29 Jan. 1618) who attended Prince Henry in his last ill- 
ness, has been restored and placed on the north wall of the 
chancel. Note the inscription : Medicorum omnium quos 
prcesens cetas vidit facile p7nnceps. The screens at the east end 
of the aisles were made out of the eighteenth century pulpit. 
The south porch, destroyed in 1783, was rebuilt in 1888 by 
Mr W. H. Hattersley, after the view of the original by Loggan, 
1688. 

The aisle- windows, beginning with the N.-W. window, 
contain the coats of arms of the subscribers to the rebuilding 
of the nave, 1478-1519, given by S. Sandars, M.A., Trinity, 



6 The University Library 

1892. The windows in the clerestory are being filled, by 
various donors, with stained glass to illustrate the three 
verses of the Te Deum : The glorious company of the apostles ; 
The goodly fellowship of the prophets ; The noble army of 
martyrs. The series begins at the N.-W. corner with the 
Prophets. 

One of the bells is rung according to ancient custom every 
evening from 9 p.m. to 9.15 p.m., when the ringing ends with 
the number of the day of the month. The chimes were com- 
posed about 1790 by Dr Jowett, Tutor of Trinity Hall. A 
smaller bell rings from 5.45 a.m. to 6 a.m. 

Opposite Great S. Mary's Church is the open space called 
Senate House Hill; and on the west side of this, separated 
from the street by massive iron railings, put up when the 
Senate House was completed in 1730, is Senate House Yard. 
In the centre of tlie lawn is a copy of the Warwick Vase, pre- 
sented in 1842 by the Duke of Northumberland, then Chancellor 
of the University. 

Enter Senate House Yard by the gate at the S.-E. corner, 
and pass along the broad flagged walk to the 

University Library. 

The entrance is opposite the west end of the Senate House, through 
a lofty door inscribed BIBLIOTHEGA. This was completed at the 
beginning of the October Term, 1905. A visitor will be taken round 
by one of the Assistants : but there is little to interest those who are 
not students. 

The Library consists of three portions : (1) the east quad- 
rangle ; (2) the west quadrangle ; (3) Cockerell's Building, 

Ascend the staircase from the new vestibule, and enter the 
catalogue-room. This was the Senate House of the Uni- 
versity (called Regent House or New Cliapel) until 1730. 
Note the beautiful plaster ceiling of the 17th century. 
Turn left and enter the east room, built, with the fagade, 
1754—61, after the design of Mr Stephen Wright, an 
architect recommended to the University by the Duke of 
Newcastle, Chancellor (1748—68). Note the effective 
plasterwork of the ceiling, and the busts of Rev. Cha. 
Simeon, M.A., d. 1836, and Rev. Fre. Denison Maurice, 



8 The University Library 

M.A., d. 1872. Leave this room by the south door, and 
note among the portraits on the staircase Queen Elizabeth, 
given by Vincent Skinner, 1589 ; Charles I. when a boy, 
1613 ; William Cecil, Lord Burghley, d. 1598 ; Robert Cecil, 
d. 1612 ; Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, d. 1588 ; Prof. 
Porson, d. 1808 ; Hen. Martyn, M.A., d. 1812. 

From the top of the stairs enter the south room, originally 
"the common library." The roof is original (1457 — 70). 
The bookcases, the oldest in the Library, were made in 1649. 
The three next rooms, called the Dome Room, the West 
Room, and the Catalogue Room which you entered first, 
were fitted up as part of the Library between 1719 and 1734, 
to contain the books collected by John Moore, D.D., Bishop 
of Ely, and given to the University by George I. in 1715. 

This quadrangle (1) is still called the Schools Quadrangle, 
because it originally contained the schools, or as we should 
now say, lecture-rooms, required for University teaching, in 
addition to the Senate House and Library. The latter has 
now absorbed all the rooms on both floors. 

Behind this quadrangle is the west quadrangle (2) which 
is practically modern. The south side was built by Sir G. G. 
Scott in 1864, on the site, and in part on the foundations, of 
the Old Court of King's College, bought by the University in 
1829 (see p. 21) ; and the west side, by J. L. Pearson, R.A., 
architect, in 1889, out of a bequest of £10,000 made to the 
University by the Rev. E. G. Hancock. The gateway is that 
of the Old Court (see p. 21). Most of the rooms can only be 
visited by special leave. They contain MSS. and early printed 
books, reserved books, private rooms for the Librarian, staff, 
and students, and, on the ground floor. Lord Acton's library, 
given to the tjniversity by John Morley, M.P., in 1902. 

The north side of the west quadrangle is formed by (3) 
a building begun in 1837 from a design by Cha. Rob. 
Cockerell, architect, as part of a grand quadrangular structure 
which would have occupied the whole site, and necessitated 
the destruction of all the older buildings ; but want of funds 
prevented its completion. The first-floor is entered from the 
Catalogue Room. At the west end are statues of George I. 
by Rysbrack, and of George 11. by Wilton; and on the 
north side the bust of Henry Bradshaw, M.A., Librarian 



The Sefiate House 



9 



1867 — 1886. The stained glass in the east and west windows 
is by Thomas Willement, d. 1870. 

The East Window contains the following arms : 

The University. Abp. Rotherham (f 1483). Bp. Tunstall (1474— 
1559). John Jeffreys Pratt, Marquis Camden, K.G., chancellor of the 
University (1834—1840). Gilbert Ainslie, D.D., master of Pembroke 
College (1820—70), vice-chancellor, 1836—7. Thomas Worsley, M.A., 
master of Downing College (1836—1885), vice-chancellor, 1837 — 8, 
William Hodgson, D.D., master of Peterhouse (1838 — 1847), vice- 
chancellor, 1838—9. Ealph Tatham, D.D., master of St John's College 
(1839-1857), vice-chancellor, 1839—40. 

The West Window contains the arms of Hugh Percy, third duke of 
Northumberland, E.G. (1784—1847), successively High Steward (1830— 
40), and Chancellor of the University (1840—47). 

In this room are the show-cases for manuscripts and other 
objects. 

On leaving the Library it will be well to visit 

The Senate House, 

built 1722 — 1730, from a design by James Gibbs. It contains 
statues of Charles Duke of Somerset, Chancellor of the 
University 1689 — 1748, by Rysbrack ; and of William Pitt, 
by Nollekens, completed 1812. The woodwork, of the period 
of the first construction, is particularly fine. 




THE SENATE HOUSE. SOUTH FRONT. 



10 



King^s College 




Next walk along Trumpington Street, here called King's 
Parade, to the gate of 

King's College, 

founded by King Henry VI., on first site, 1440. 
Second site bought 1443 — 49. First stone of Chapel 
laid, 1446 ; fabric finished, 1515 ; Fellows' Build- 
ing, 1724 ; Hall, Library, Provost's Lodge, Screen, 
1824; Scott Building, 1870; Bodley Building, 
1893. 



The fa(^ade of King's College to Trump- 
ington Street is formed by the east gable of 
the Chapel, the screen and gate designed arms of 

by Wilkins, the east gable of the range king's college. 
designed by the same on the south side of the court, and 
Sir G G. Scott's range. 

The Chapel— 289 ft. long, 40 ft. wide, and 80 ft. high, 
from the floor to the central point of the stone vault — was 
designed by Henry the Sixth as the north side of a closed 
quadrangle, with buildings abutting against both its ends. 
The white stone (magnesian limestone, from Hudleston, in 
Yorkshire) marks the part built by the Founder, for the 
supply ceased at his death. Note the heraldic animals on the 
four westernmost buttresses on the south side, and the five 
westernmost on the north side. These mark the portions 
built out of the funds provided by Henry the Seventh, whose 
executors finished the stonework of the Chapel. 

On entering the antechapel note that the coats-of-arms, the 
roses, portcullises, and other heraldic devices which so profusely 
decorate the walls, all commemorate Henry the Seventh ; and, 
as on the exterior, mark the portions added out of his money. 
Note also the ingenious devices employed to make the fan- 
vault, begun 1512, fit piers built for a difi"erent design. 

The organ-screen, a splendid specimen of Italian work, 
was set up while Anne Boleyn was queen, 1532-36. Note 
the A. R. {Anna Regina) and H. A. {Henricus, Anna) on 
different parts of it, and the Boleyn arms impaled with 
those of England on the west side, close to the south wall. 
The doors are dated 1636. The organ-case, so far as the 
general design is concerned, may be referred to Ren^ Harris, 
and dated 1688 ; but he very probably used portions of the 
case of the older organs, the first of which was set up by 



12 



King's College 



Dallam in 1606. The organ was much enlarged by Messrs Hill 
in 1859. 




KING'S COLLEGE CHAPEL. SOUTH PORCH. 



Kings College 



13 



The lower part of the stalls is of the same period as 
the organ-screen: but the coats-of-arms in elm wood were 




KING'S COLLEGE CHAPEL, INTERIOR, LOOKING EAST 
[cis it appeared hefore 1897.) 



14 King^s College 

given by Thomas Weaver, 1633 ; and the canopies (except those 
against the screen) were added by subscription, 1675-78. 
The panel-work east of the stalls was constructed 1678-79. 
That shewn behind the altar in our view of the interior 
was constructed 1774, with the stone niches on each side of 
the east window. Both were removed 1897. The ''Depo- 
sition," by Daniele da Volterra, which hangs over the altar, 
was given by Frederick, Earl of Carlisle, in 1780. The 
lectern was given by Provost Hacomblen (1509-1528). 

The stained glass in the east window and in the windows 
on the north and south sides was executed between 1515 and 
1531, by Barnard Flower, the "King's Glazier," and four 
Englishmen and two Flemings, all resident in London. These 
windows contain the finest series in the world of pictures in 
glass on a large scale. The glass has never been taken out, 
except for repair, nor has it ever been wilfully damaged. The 
stories of what happened to it during the Civil War are all false. 

The tracery is filled with heraldic devices, commemorating, 
as a rule, Henry the Seventh. In each side-window there are 
four pictures, each occup3dng the two side-lights above and 
below the transom : while the central light contains in each 
of the same subdivisions two figures, called Messengers, 
because they bear scrolls or tablets or some other device 
for the exhibition of a legend descriptive of the pictures 
at the sides. 

The main subject of the windows, taken as a whole, is 
the Life of the Virgin, and the Life of Christ, illustrated 
by types from the Old Testament and elsewhere. The series 
begins with the Birth of the Virgin in the westernmost 
window on the north side, and proceeds through the principal 
events of our Lord's Life to the Crucifixion in the east 
window. This is followed, on the south side, by the subse- 
quent events recorded in the Gospels, of which the last 
depicted is the Ascension in the sixth window, counting 
from the west. Next to this comes the history of the 
Apostles, as recorded in the Acts, occupying the fifth, fourth, 
and third windows ; and lastly, the legendary history of the 
Virgin is resumed in the second and first windows. The 
pictures in the upper tier are not in regular sequence, but 
are selected out of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, or 
legendary history, becausa they correspond with the former 



King^s College 16 

on the principle of type and antitype. There are^ some 
exceptions to this arrangement, as in the first two windows 
on the north side, and in those illustrating the Acts ; but 
the general arrangement is as above stated. 

I will first enumerate, very briefly, the heraldic devices 
in the tracery lights at the top of the side windows. 

In the central light at the top, the arms of Henry VII., encircled with 
the garter. 

In the other small lights the following badges, on shields held by 
angels : 

1. The Lancaster Rose (red). 

2. The Hawthorn Bush. 

3. The Portcullis. 

4. The Fleur-de-lys. 

6. The Tudor Rose (red and white). 

6. The White Rose in a Sun (for York). 

7. Initials, H. E. (for Henry VII. and EHzabeth of York). 

8. , H. R. = Henricus Rex. 

9. , H. K. (for Henry VIII. and Katherine of Aragon). 

The subjects of the windows are as follows : 

NORTH SIDE. 
Window I. [loesternmost) 

The High Priest rejects the offering An Angel bids Joachim return to 

of Joachim and Anna, legendary Jerusalem, where he should meet 

parents of the Virgin. his wife at the Golden Gate of 

Joachim and Anna at the Golden the Temple. 

Gate of the Temple. Birth of the Virgin. 

Window II. 

Presentation of a golden table Marriage of Tobias and Sara. 

(found by fishermen in the sand) 

in the Temple of the Sun. 
Presentation of the Virgin in the Marriage of Joseph and Mary. 

Temple. 
*^* In this Window there is a small compartment at the bottom of 
each light containing a half figure of a man or angel bearing a legend. 

Window III. 

Eve tempted by the Serpent. Moses and the Burning Bush. 

The Annunciation. The Nativity. 

Window IV. 

The Circumcision of Isaac. The Queen of Sheba visits Solo- 

mon. 
The Circumcision of Christ. The Adoration of the Magi. 



16 King's College 

Window V. 
The Purification of Women under Jacob's Flight from Esau. 

the Law. 
The Purification of the Virgin. The Flight into Egypt. 

Window VI. 

The Golden Calf. The Massacre of the Seed royal by 

Athaliah. 
The Idols of Egypt falling down The Massacre of the Innocents, 
before the Infant Jesus. 

Window VII. 

Naaman washing in Jordan. Esau tempted to sell his Birthright. 

The Baptism of Christ. The Temptation of Christ. 

Window VIII. 
Elisha raises the Shunammite's David with the Head of Goliath. 

son. 
The Eaising of Lazarus. Entry of Christ into Jerusalem. 

Window IX. 

The Manna in the Wilderness. The Fall of the Eebel Angels. 

The Last Supper. The Agony in the Garden. 

Window X. 
Cain killing Abel. Shimei cursing David. 

The Betrayal of Christ. Christ blindfolded and mocked. 

Window XI. 
Jeremiah imprisoned. Noah mocked by Ham. 

Christ before the High Priest. Christ mocked before Herod. 

Window XII. 
Job vexed by Satan. Solomon crowned. 

The Flagellation of Christ. Christ crowned with thorns. 

East Window. 
Christ nailed to The Crucifixion. The Deposition. 

the Cross. 
Ecce Homo. Pilate washing Christ bearing 

his hands. the Cross. 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Window XII. [easternmost). 

Moses and the Brazen Serpent. 

*^* The upper portion of this window formerly contained what is 
now below. The old glass was moved into the lower liglits in 1841 ; 
in 1845 the upper half was filled with new glass, forming a single 
picture intended to serve as a type to the Crucifixion in the East 
Window. 
Naomi and her Daughters-in-law. Christ bewailed. 



King's College 17 

Window XI. 

The Casting of Joseph into the Pit. The Exodus. 

The Burial of Christ. The Eelease of the Spirits from 

Prison. 

Window X. 

Jonah cast tip by the Whale. Tobias returning to his Mother. 

The Eesurrection of Christ. Christ appearing to the Virgin. 

Window IX. 

Eeuben, seeking Joseph, finds the Dariua finds Daniel alive in the 

Pit empty. Lions' Den. 

The three Maries at the empty Christ recognised by Mary Mag- 
Sepulchre, dalene. 

Window VIII. 

The Angel Raphael appearing to Habakkuk feeding Daniel. 

Tobias. 
Christ appearing to Two Disciples The Supper at Emmaus. 

on the way to Emmaus. 

Window VII. 

The Return of the Prodigal Sou. Joseph welcoming Jacob. 

The Incredulity of S. Thomas. Christ blessing the Apostles. 

Window VI. 

Elijah carried up to Heaven. Moses receives the Tables of the 

Law. 
The Ascension of Christ. The Descent of the Holy Spirit. 

Window V. 

S. Peter and S. John heal the The Arrest of S. Peter and S. 

Lame Man at the Beautiful Gate John. 

of the Temple. 
S. Peter preaching on the Day of Ananias struck dead. 

Pentecost. 

Window IV. 

The Conversion of S. Paul. S. Paul disputing with Jews at 

Damascus. 
S. Paul and S. Barnabas wor- S. Paul stoned at Lystra. 
shipped at Lystra. 

Window III. 

S. Paul casting out a spirit of S. Paul before Festus, 

divination. 
S. Paul's farewell at Miletus (?). S. Paul before Nero. 

Window II. 

The Death of Tobit. The Burial of Jacob. 

The Death of the Virgin. The Burial of the Virgin. 

0. 2 



2. 


S. Philip. 


4. 


Zephaniah, or Daniel. 


6. 


A Doctor. 


8. 


S. James the Great. 



ii] King^s G allege 

Window L {icesternniost). 

The Translation of Enoch. Solomon receiving his mother 

Bathsheba. 
The Assumption of the Virgin. The Coronation of the Virgin. 

The west window, representing the Last Judgment, was 
given in 1879 by Fra. Edm. Stacey, M.A., formerly Fellow. 
It was executed by Messrs Clayton and Bell. 

The easternmost side-chapel on the south side (righi as 
you face the Organ-Screen) is the chantry of Dr Rob. Brassie 
(Provost 1556-58). Note the oak door, the panel work, and 
the traces of an altar. 

The glass in the screen contains only his initials, E. B. : in the 
window next the court are eight interesting figures, brought from 
elsewhere. They are part of a series older by many years than any 
other glass in the Chapel, being early fifteenth century. They represent, 
from left to right : 

1. S. Peter. 

3. A Bishop. 

6. King David. 

7. S. Erasmus (?). 

The next Chapel westwards is the chantry of Robert 
Hacomblen (Provost 1509-28). 

Note on the glass of the screen his initials E. H. ; and also the 
initials E. h. which may stand for Rex henricus. In the tracery-lights 

are the following figures, from left to right as you stand inside the 
Chapel : 

1. S. Christopher. 2. S. Ursula. 

3. The Angel Gabriel. 4. The Blessed Virgin. 

5. S. Anne. 6. S. John Baptist. 

In the upper lights of the window next the court are various badges 
and angels, and {right) the four Evangelistic Beasts, {left) the four Latin 
Doctors. In the lower lights are two half-length figures. That on the 
left is King Henry the Sixth ; that on the right S. John the Evangelist. 

Note further in this chantry the brass with effigy of Provost 
Hacomblen ; and the tomb of John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, 
only son of the great Duke of Marlborough, who died a student of this 
College 28 February, 1703, set. 16. 

It is worth while to ascend to the roof for the sake of the 
view. On the way up note the construction of the great 
stone vault and of the wooden roof above it. 

A small charge is made for each person. 

Leaving the Chapel by the south-west door, follow the 



King's College 19 

gravel walk to the opposite side of the court. On the right, 
opposite to the gate of entrance, is the Fellows' Building. 
The death of King Henry VI. stopped his scheme for the 
erection of a college, and the Fellows and Scholars were housed 
in the small quadrangle behind the University Schools, called 
"Old Court," until 1723, when this range of chambers was 
built by James Gibbs. Here the Rev. Cha. Simeon (d. 1836) 
resided, first in the southern rooms on the ground-floor of 
the southern staircase (that furthest from the Chapel) ; and 
secondly in the set above the central archway with a large 
semicircular window looking towards the Town. The iron 
handrail may still be seen which in his old age was placed 
on the staircase to assist him in the long ascent. It is still 
called The Saint's Best. 

The fountain in the centre of the lawn, surmounted 
by a statue of King Henry the Sixth, was designed by 
H. A. Armstead, R.A., and completed in 1879. 

At the end of Fellows' Building turn to the left and visit 
the Hall. This building, with the rest of the range on the 
south side of the College, the Screen, and the gate of 
entrance, was built by Wilkins (1824-28). His design was 
selected against those of eighteen competitors, but he was 
subsequently compelled by the College to accept the sug- 
gestions of three other architects, ]\Iessrs Jefiery, Nash, and 
Wyatt. The general design of the Hall was derived from 
Crosby Hall, London ; but the College insisted upon two 
lanthorns instead of one, as usual in medieval halls. Among 
the portraits note the follo"\ving : 

Left : Henry Bradshaw, d. 1886 ] 

Eev. Rich. Okes, Provost, d. 1889 I- by Hubert Herkomer. 

Viscount Stratford de Kedcliffe, d. 1880J 

Right (on dais) : Rev. Cha. Simeon, d. 1836. 

On leaving the Hall turn left to the Bridge, passing, left, 
the Librar}^ the Provost's Lodge, and the buildings erected by 
G. F. Bodley, architect (1894). These, when completed, will 
form a court with three sides, open to the river on the west. 

The view from the Bridge (removed to its present position 
in 1828 from a point opposite to the centre of the Gibbs 
Building) is specially beautiful. On the south (le/l; as you 
approach the Bridge) are the buildings, bridge, and grove of 
Queens' College, with the town-bridge formerly called Small 

2—2 



20 



King^s College 



Bridges and the Mill beyond. On the opposite side is Clare 
College with its bridge, and beyond, Garret Hostel Bridge and 
Trinity College Bridge. In the centre of the meadow beyond 
the river may still be seen the remains of the avenue, which 
was planted on a raised causeway, and connected the Bridge 
in its old position with the road on the west of the College 
grounds. 

From the Bridge turn right along the gravel walk by the 
river and under the garden-wall and buildings of Clare College. 
Fine views are obtained of the Fellows' Building and the west 
end of the Chapel. Here the Founder intended a cloister- 




KING'S COLLEGE: from the field west of the river; the old avenue in the foreground. 

cemetery, with a belfry- tower 120 feet high on the side next 
the river. The ground was consecrated, and burials took 
place in it. 



King's College 21 

Leaving King's College by the iron gate on the north side 
of the Cliapel, on the right is the exterior of tlie west court of 
the University Library (see above, p. 6). Note the Gothic 
gateway through which it is entered — a good specimen of the 
gateway-towers characteristic of Cambridge collegiate archi- 
tecture, and the second in order of date, the first being that of 
King's Hall (1427), now altered into King Edward the Third's 
gate in Trinity College. This gateway originally gave entrance 
to King's College in its first position, when the Founder 
intended to confine it to a small quadrangle behind the 
University Schools afterwards called " Old Court." The 
foundation-stone of the gateway was laid by Henry VL in 
person, 2 April, 1441, and the south range, with the return 
along the west side as far as the gateway, was completely 
finished, but the gateway itself was carried up only to the 
level of the second floor. The great beauty of the finished 
portion makes the loss of the upper part greatly to be 
regretted. The walls of the remainder of the west range, and 
of the kitchen, were carried up only as high as was the gate- 
way. The work was then suspended, and these unfinished 
portions were subsequently roofed over in a less substantial 
style. In this College the chambers were in three floors, instead 
of in two floors as in other Colleges. On the ground floor they 
were lighted by small windows, each of two lights, two of 
which, one on each side of the gateway, still remain. Our 
illustration (taken in 1815) shews the exterior of the old 
Hall and Kitchen, from the north. 

The gateway was evidently the work of a first-rate 
architect. Note the beauty of the west front, with the 
ornamentation of the spandrils, the panels below the windows, 
and the row of angels ornamenting the straight line above the 
arch. The wooden doors are probably original. Enter the 
court, and note the east front, much plainer than the other, 
and the larger turrets, containing staircases. The turrets 
next to the street were merely buttress-turrets. The gateway 
was spared in 1835, when the rest of the buildings of Old 
Court were destroyed to make way for Cockerell's Library- 
quadrangle : and it was completed by Pearson (1889), with 
the ranges north and south of it, as part of the Hancock 
Building (p. 8). The south range, having been destroyed in 
1835, was rebuilt by Sir G. G. Scott in 1864 (p. 6). 



22 



Clare College 




NORTH-WEST CORNER OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE 

OLD COURT OF KING'S COLLEGE, 

with the east front of Trinity Hall, as it appeared before the fire of 1852. 

Returning into the street, cross it, and visit 
Clare College, 

founded by the University as University 
Hall, 1326 ; refonnded by Lady Elizabeth de 
Clare as Clare Hall, 1338. Kebuilt, 1638—1715. 
Name changed to Clare College, 1856, 

On the right, projecting beyond the 
quadrangle to the east, is the Chapel. 
The rest of the buildings are disposed 
round a single quadrangle. The east 
and south sides and half the west side ^^^^^ qp 

contain chambers ; on the north side glare college. 




Clare College 



23 



{;right on entering) is the Hall (approached by a flight of 
steps), and beyond it the Kitchen, with Combination Eoom 
and Library above. The north half of the west range contains 
the ]\laster's Lodge. The gateway in this range, opposite to 
that by which we entered, gives access to tlie gardens, and 
over a bridge to the avenne leading to the ground west of the 
Colleges, popularly called " The Backs." 




GATEWAY IN EAST RANGE OF CLARE COLLEGE; 
from the interior of the Court. 

These beautiful buildings, 'more like a palace than a 
college,' as Professor Willis said, should be carefully studied 



24 Clare College 

as an example of the late use of Gothic forms (e.g. the fan- 
vault of the gate of entrance), and of ingenious adaptation at 
different periods to ensure a general harmony of style. 

The first buildings of Clare Hall consisted of one small 
quadrangle close to the street. By the beginning of the 
seventeenth century these had become ruinous, and it was 
determined to build a new College in a new position. A piece 
of ground on the west side of the river having been obtained 
from King's College, the east side of the present College was 
begun in 1638. 

The work went steadily forward till the south range was 
finished (1642). The style is Jacobean, and Loggan's print 
(1688) shews that the walls were originally finished with 
parapets instead of balustrades as at present, and that the 
windows were tref oiled. The west range was begun 1640, but 
was not carried far before the work was interrupted by the 
Civil War. When it was resumed in 1669 the southern half 
of the west range was made to correspond, towards the court, 
with the south and east ranges ; but towards the river it is 
quite different, with Ionic pilasters, and windows having 
pediments and architraves. These windows have since been 
twice altered. They had originally transoms and muUions 
and lixgh sills. The north range was begun 1683 and finished 
1693. The unfinished half of the west range, containing the 
Master's Lodge and the gateways towards both court and river, 
was built between 1705 and 1707 ; but not completely finished 
till 1715. The quadrangle had therefore occupied seventy- 
seven years in building. 

The Chapel, begun 1763 and consecrated 1769, has been 
but little altered. The Annunciation over the altar is by 
Cipriani. The easternmost stained glass window on the south 
side, representing the Foundress, was given in 1863 by the 
Rev. Joseph Power, Fellow ; the remaining nine were executed 
by Wailes (1867-68) from a bequest of Rev. Tho. Hen. 
Coles, D.D. 

In the Hall the plaster- ceiling, and the fireplace, orna- 
mented with large oak figures, were designed, with other 
improvements, by Sir M. Digby Wyatt, architect (1870-72). 

The Library contains some beautiful bookcases, originally 
made about 1627 for the old library, and transferred, with 
some alterations, to the new one. 



Trinity Hall 25 

Note the ironwork of the entrance-gate, and of the gate 
on the west side of the bridge, both probably made about 1714. 
The bridge was built 1640, by Robert Grumbold, a master- 
mason, who very probably suggested, if he did not actually 
design, much of the stonework. 

Leave Clare College by the gate through which you 
entered, and visit the College adjoining it on the north, 

Trinity Hall, 

founded by Wm. Bateman, Bp. of Norwich, 1350. 

This College has three courts; two towards the street, 
and one on the west side of the principal 
court. The entrance is now through the 
east building of the principal court, but 
originally the only entrance was Ihrough 
the smaller court. The gatehouse there 
had two archways, a large one for carriages, 
and a postern for foot-passengers. These 
archways, removed when the building of 
which they formed part was rebuilt in 1873, 
now stand at the back entrance in Garret 

T-r , 1 T ARMS OF 

Hostel Lane. ^ trinity hall. 

The buildings on the east and north 
sides of the court are occupied by chambers ; at the south- 
west corner is the Chapel ; and on the west (facing the 
entrance) the Hall, Buttery, and Kitchen. These buildings 
were all either built by the Founder or soon after his deatli ; 
but they have since been much altered, especially in 1745, 
when they were faced with stone in a classic style. The east 
range was destroyed by an accidental fire, and rebuilt by 
Salvin, in 1852. 

The Hall has lately been enlarged and a new oak roof 
added. Beyond it is a new Combination Room, given by the 
Rev. Hen. Latham, M.A., the late Master. Among the 
portraits in the Hall note the following : 

East Wall : Sir Alex. Cockburn, d. 1880, by Watts. 

Richard Viscount Fitzwilliam (d. 1816) when an under- 
graduate. Copied by Lowes Dickinson from the 
original in the Fitzwilliam Museum. 
Sir Hen. Ja. Sumner Maine, Master 1877-88. By 
Lowes Dickinson. 




26 



Trinity Hall 



West Wall: Eev. Hen. Latham, M.A., Master, 1888-1902. 
Hen. Fawcett, M.A., M.P., d. 1884. 
Edw. Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, Ipt Earl of Lytton, d. 1873. 

The Library is approached by a staircase opposite to the 
door of the Hall. It is a most interesting room, and a visit 
to it should on no account be omitted. It was built in the 
reign of Elizabeth, but preserves earlier traditions in its 
plan and bookcases. Note that it is a long, narrow room, 
with windows of two lights at no great distance apart. The 
bookcases stand at right angles to the walls, between the 
windows, a seat for the reader being placed in front of each 




LIBRARY OF TRINITY HALL. 



window. The books were chained to their cases, and the 
original iron bars and locks still remain. The chains now 
attached to some books are modern, and quite unlike those 
which would have been used originally. The cases are of an 
unusual construction, arranged so that a reader could either 



Trinity Hall 



27 



stand or sit, as he pleased. There was only one shelf for 
books ; and beneath this a desk that could be drawn out for 
the convenience of a seated reader. 

Leaving the Library enter the west or Library Court, 
of which the Library forms the north side. Opposite to it is 
the Master's Lodge ; and between it and Trinity College is a 
range of Chambers built 1892, and called the Latham Building, 




TRINITY HALL: West Gahle of Library, with 'pC''>'t of LkTHkU BUILDING. 



in commemoration of the late Master, who contributed 
largely to it. 

The Fellows' Garden, between the Master's Lodge and the 



28 



Gonville and Cams College 



river, with its gigantic chestnut-trees, and terrace overlooking 
the water, should on no account be missed. 

The side of the street opposite Trinity Hall, from Senate 
House Passage to Trinity Lane, is occupied by Gonville and 
Caius College, which should be next visited ; but, in order 
fully to realise the curious conception of Dr Keys, or Caius, 
the second founder, walk up Senate House Passage, and, 
turning to the left into Trinity Street, enter by the gate 
opposite S. Michael's Church. 

Gonville and Caius College, 

founded, as Hall of the Annunciation, by Edmund Gonville, 1348. 
Eemoved to present site, 1351. Court in building, 1351 — 1490. Second 
foundation by Dr Caius, 1557. 

The first court entered, commonly called Tree Court, has 
on its north, east, and south sides 
buildings erected by Waterhouse 1868— 
70, to replace either dwelling-houses or 
ranges of chambers erected by the College 
after the death of Dr Caius. Before his 
mastership (1559-73) the College, as set 
out by Gonville's executor, was limited 
to a single court, which, though much 
altered, can still be seen at the north- 
west corner of the site and will be 
described below. Caius acquired ground 
to the south and east of Gonville's court, 
and built the additional court which 
bears his own name. A curious love for symbolism appears 
in his architectural works. His college was entered through 
a small and insignificant doorway, situated where the present 
entrance is, called the Gate of Humility. Thence the student 
passed along a straight road, shaded as now by trees, till he 
reached the Gate of Virtue, which leads into the court built 
by Caius. Notice the word virtvtis on the frieze over the 
arch, and the female figures holding : (1) a palm-branch and 
a wreath ; (2) a purse and a cornucopia. On the west side of 
the gate are the words lo. caivs posvit sapienti^ 1567, copied 
from the inscription which Caius is known to have placed on 
the foundation-stone. Hence the gate is sometimes, but 
wrongly, called Gate of Wisdom. Passing through the gate, 




ARMS OF GONVILLE 
AND CAIUS COLLEGE. 



GonvlUe and Cains College 



29 



we find ourselves in the second, or Caius Court, with Gonville's 
chapel on the right, and on the left a wall connecting tlie 
two ranges of chambers built by Caius. In these, practising 




SOUTH FRONT OF GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE. 
huUt by Waterlwuse, 1870. 



30 



GonviUe and Gaius College 



Virtue, and cultivating Wisdom, the student passed his three 
years, after which he passed through the Gate of Honour 




GATE OF VIRTUE, EAST FRONT. 

(opposite the Chapel) to the Schools, where the University 
honoured him with a degree. This gate, designed by Caius 
himself, was probably suggested, at least in its general out- 
line, by a Roman tomb. Originally its appearance was very 
different from what we now see. At each angle, immediately 
above the lowest cornice, there was a tall pinnacle reaching 
almost to the second cornice. Another group of pinnacles 
rose from the junction of the middle stage with the hexagonal 
tower. On each face of the hexagon there was a sundial, and 



Gonvllle and Caius College 31 

at its apex a weathercock In the form of a serpent and dove. 
In the spandrils of the arch next the Court are the arms of 
Dr Caius on an oval shield. On the frieze is the word honoris. 
At first the whole of the stonework was painted white, and 
some parts, such as the sundials, the roses in the circular 
panels, and the coats-of-arms, were gilt. 

To the north of Caius Court is Gonville Court. It was 
originally entered on the north from Trinity Lane ; and, small 
as it is, it contained all the buildings required for the 
collegiate life. On the west side (left as we enter from Caius 
Court) was the Hall, Library, and Master's Lodge ; on the 
south the Chapel ; on the east and north ranges of chambers. 
The classical facing was imposed in 1753. On the left, in the 
passage from Caius Court, is the door of the Master's Lodge : 
on the right, that of the Chapel. The medieval character of 
the Chapel was completely changed 1716-26, when the ex- 
terior was cased with freestone, the heavy buttresses built, 
and the interior fitted up in the style of that period. In 1870 
Mr Waterhouse added an apse, and a turret-staircase in Caius 
Court ; the fittings were a good deal modified at the same 
time. The first window on the right on entering com- 
memorates Edwin Guest, LL.D.. Master 1852-80 ; the second 
A. W. W. Steel, Fellow and Tutor, d. 1885. Beyond this 
notice the tomb of Tho. Legge, who succeeded Dr Caius as 
Master, d. 1607. On left notice tomb of Stephen Perse, M.D., 
d. 1615 ; window to commemorate G. J. Romanes, M.A., 
d. 1893 ; and the very interesting tomb of Dr Caius, by Theo- 
dore Havens of Cleves, put up 1575, two years after his death. 

The Hall, Kitchen, Combination Room, and Library, built 
by Salvin, 1853, are approached from a vestibule on the left 
of Gonville Court. 

Among the portraits in the Hall note the following : 

Above High Table : John Caius, d. 1573. 

John Warren, D.D., Bp. of Bangor, d. 1800. 
Norman Macleod Ferrers, D.D., Master, 

West Wall: Wm. Kirby, d. 1850. 

Jeremy Taylor, d, 1G67. 

Geo. Edw. Paget, M.D., d. 1892. 

East Wall : Ch. Fre. Mackenzie, M.A., d. 1862. 
Sir John Eob. Seeley, d. 1895. 
John Venn, Litt.D. 



32 Parish Church of S. Michael 

North Wall: Sam. Clarke, D.D., d. 1729.' 
Gabriel Harvey, d. 1630. 
Edw. Hall Alderson, M.A., d. 1857. 

On leaving Gonville and Gains College cross the street to 
the 

Church of S. Michael, 

a unique specimen of a church which accommodated both a 
parish and a college. It was rebuilt by Hervey of Stanton, 
Canon of York and Wells, and Chancellor of the Exchequer to 
Edward 11. , after he had founded, 1323, the College called 
Michael House, absorbed in Trinity College by Henry VHI. 

When the collegiate system began, colleges, or, as they 
were then often called, " Houses of Scholars/' had no separate 
chapel; but their inmates used the nearest parish-church, 
without any special privileges. In this case the church was 
appropriated to the College, so that the scholars (who were to 
be all priests and Masters of Arts) might perform all their 
religious duties in it at the appointed hours. 

The church has been but little altered. The plan is a 
parallelogram, divided into five bays, all on the same level. 
The central aisle is about twice as wide as the side aisles. 
The easternmost bay forms a chancel, separated by walls from 
the south and north aisles respectively. At the end of the 
former is a chapel, at the end of the latter a vestry. Notice 
the sedilia and piscina in the chancel, and the niches in the 
south chapel, all of good Decorated work. The Founder 
probably intended to enclose the quire of his scholars, where 
he was himself buried, with a stone screen, a fragment of 
which is now used as the entrance to the south aisle, just 
beyond the sedilia. The present stalls probably represent 
his intentions, but they are of the 15th century. 

The stained glass in the east window commemorates 
Rev. W. J. Beamont, vicar, d. 1868. 

On leaving S. Michael's Church turn to the right, down 
Trinity Street. Rose Crescent, the first thoroughfare on the 
right, marks the site of the yard of the Hose and Grown, 
formerly one of the principal inns of Cambridge. The house 
faced to the Market Hill. A short distance further on on the 
same side of the street is a house with gables and a pretty 
plaster- work front, one of the few old houses left in Cambridge. 



Trinity College 



33 



It was once the Turh's Head coffee-house, and is now the 
Oriental Cafe. Next to this is the Blue Boar Hotel, after 
which we reach 

Trinity College, 

founded by King Henry VIII., 1546. There were absorbed in the 
new College : (1) King's Hall, founded by Edward III., 1336 ; (2) Michael 
House, founded by Hervey de Stanton, Chancellor of the Exchequer to 
Edward II., 1323; (3) Physwick's Hostel, belonging to Gonville Hall; 
(4) some minor hostels. 

Before entering the College note the building opposite to 
the Great Gate, containing Whewell's 
Courts. The first of these, entered from 
Trinity Street, was built by Dr Whewell 
(Master 1841-66) in 1859, the second 
immediately after his death by his exe- 
cutors. The architect of both courts was 
Mr Salvin. The site and buildings were 
bequeathed to the College in trust to 
provide accommodation for students, and 
an endowment for a Professor, and eight 
scholars in International Law. 




ARMS OF 
TRINITY COLLEGE. 



Before entering Trinity College we will note briefly the history of the 
buildings surrounding the Great Court. We give below part of the Plan 
of Cambridge drawn by John Hamond in 1592, one year before the 
election to the Mastership of Dr Thomas Nevile (Master 1593 — 1615), to 
whose taste and courage, aided by the architect Kalph Symons, who had 
been already employed at S. John's College and elsewhere (p. 56), the 
present noble quadrangle is due. This plan shews the difficulties he had 
to surmount before he could reduce to order a confused and inconvenient 
mass of buildings, partly inherited from King's Hall and Micbael House, 
partly due to ill-directed efforts to alter and adapt previous structures to 
the use of one large College. 

The plan shews the Great Gate, in all essentials as at present. This 
was the last work of King's Hall, built 1518— 1535. North of the gate is 
the Chapel, built 1555 — 1564, on ground previously occupied by the Hall 
and Chapel of King's Hall. The range of chambers between the Chapel 
and the Gate, and a similar range south of the Gate, were built 1557. 
The range at right angles to the last-mentioned, jutting out into the 
court, had been built by King's Hall in 1490. At the north-west corner 
of the Chapel a small court is shewn, or rather part of one, for it was 
curtailed to some extent by the erection of the Chapel of Trinity College. 
This represents the original court of King's Hall, built 1375 — 1425. The 
west side of it, much altered, still exists at the east end of the Bowling 
Green of Trinity College. The range of building running south from 
the west end of the Chapel, with a gateway-tower and a return in the 



C. 



3 



34 



Trinity College 



direction of the Great Gate, M'as built by King's Hall 1427-37. The 
gate is King Edward's Gate, the first gateway-tower with four turrets 
erected in Cambridge (see above p. 21). It then stood at the end of a 
lane called Le Foule Lane, which opened out of the lane called 




TRINITY COLLEGE AND S. JOHN'S COLLEGE: 
from Hamond's Plan of Cambridge, i592. 

S. Michael's Lane or Trinity Lane south of the College, and provided 
the sole means of approach to King's Hall before the Great Gate was 
built. On the west side of the court a building is shewn with an oriel 
and a row of four windows. This probably represents the Hall of 
Michael House. To the right of it is a large chimney, no doubt 
indicating the kitchen of the same House. These offices were used by 



Ti'inity College 35 

Trinity College, and the range containing them was prolonged, and 
returned to King Edward's Gate in 1551, to provide a Lodging lor the 
Master. On the south side of the court, opposite the Chapel, is a row 
of houses — probably portions of Michael House and Physwick Hostel. 
Between these and the Great Gate are gardens and a tennis-court. 

Nevile's first work was the completion of the range on the east side of 
the quadrangle. This was succeeded by the erection of the southern 
range, with the Queen's Gateway, and the removal of the chambers 
which projected into the court from the east range. Next, keeping for a 
time the old Hall and Kitchen, he prolonged the western range north- 
wards, and returned it in the direction of the Chapel. This must have 
been the most difficult part of his work, for it involved the destruction of 
two ranges of building, with the evidently venerated gateway of King 
Edward the Third, which was rebuilt against the west end of the Chapel. 

We will now examine the Great Gate. Note the unusual 
arrangement of a large and small gate side by side, separated 
by a stone pier ; and the four flanking turrets, of which the 
internal are larger than the external. Note also the style of 
the ogee panels and other details of the ornamentation. The 
whole composition appears to be much earlier than the known 
date of the construction of the gate (1518-1535). The space 
between the crown of the arch and the window is divided into 
seven panels, commemorating King Edward the Third and his 
six sons, as follows, proceeding from left to right : 

1. France ancient and England (inarterly, label of three points each 
charged with a torteau. Edmondus d. Ebor. c. Cantabrugik. [Edmund, 
Duke of York, b. 1341 ; d. 1402.] 

2. France ancient and England quarterly, label argent ; on each 
point a canton between two roses. Leoneilus d. Clakencie. c. de 
Vlster. [Lionel, Duke of Clarence, b. 1338 ; d. 1368.] 

3. France ancient and England quarterly, label of three points 
argent. Edvardus p. Wallie. v°. Black Puince. On the stone work 
on each side of the shield are painted 3 ostrich-featliers, with the motto 
Icli dien. [Edward the Black Prince, b. 1330 ; d. 1376.] 

4. France ancient and England quarterly on a stone shield supported 
by two lions, for Kino Edwaejd the Thikd, founder of King's Hall. 
Beneath this shield is a very small one, on which are three stags trippant, 
for Geoffrey Bltthe, Master of King's Hall (1498 — 1528), during whose 
mastershii) the gate was begun. Beneath the panel, on a sheet of metal, 
are the words ; Edvaedus Tertivs fundator Ayle Begis Mcccxxxvn. 

5. Shield blank. Guill'mus de Hatfeld. Demortuus infans. 
[WilHam of Hatfield, b. 1336 ; d. in infancy.] 

6. France ancient and England quarterly, label ermine. Iohannes 
D. Lancasxrie. v°. John of Gadkx. [John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 
b. 1340 ; d. 1399.] 

3—2 



36 



Trinity College 



7. France ancient and England quarterly, label of three points 
argent ; on the points a fleur-de-lis and two crosses, all in a bordure 
argent. Tho^ d. GijOvcestkie. c. Essexie. [Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, 
b. 1355 ; d. 1397.] 




GREAT GATE OF TRINITY COLLEGE: EAST FRONT. 



Trinity College 37 

The statue of King Henry the Eighth, in the niche 
between the windows, was added by Nevile in 1615.^ The 
panel between the upper windows contains a quatrefoil and 
shield bearing France modern and England quarterly. 

The west front is quite different, and bears trace of hasty 
completion in a different material and style from what was 
originally intended. The three niches, by their style, were 
added by Nevile. In the central niche is King James the 
First; on his right his Queen, Anne of Denmark ; on his left 
Prince Charles. Above the upper window are the Royal 
Arms, supported by the Lion and the Unicorn ; and over each 
lateral niche a stone shield with supporters, probably "the 
Queene and Princes Amies," put up 1614-15.^ The whole 
composition commemorates the two visits of King James in 
1615. 

Turn to the right along the flagged walk leading to the 
Chapel. The rooms on the first-floor next to the Gate were 
occupied by Sir Isaac Newton from 1679-1696 ; those beneath 
by William Makepeace Thackeray ; and those on the opposite 
side, next the Chapel, by Thomas Babington Macaulay. 

Enter the Chapel. The porch was built 1872, Sir A. 
W. Blomfield, architect. The building was finished about 
1564 (see inscription on east gable) and at once fitted up 
for service. But the fittings of that period no longer exist, 
and the organ-screen, stalls, panelwork, and baldacchino over 
the altar were put up during the mastership of Dr Bentley 
(1700-42), and have not been seriously altered since. The 
decoration of the roof and walls, and the filling of most of the 
windows with stained glass, were undertaken 1871-75, the cost 
being defrayed by subscription. The general scheme (for the 
quire) was suggested by Dr Westcott and Dr Lightfoot, and 
carried out by Messrs Heaton, Butler, and Bayne. The 
decoration of the roof represents, in subjects illustrating the 
Benedicite, the Hymn of Creation, leading up to the manifes- 
tation of the Divine Glory which occupies the four easternmost 
bays ; the decoration of the walls, advancing from west to 
east, the preparatory discipline of the patriarchal, legal, and 
prophetic periods, leading up to the figures of the Baptist and 
the Blessed Virgin on the east wall. The altar piece, between 
these figures, represents the Triumph of Christ, in the En- 
tombment crowned by the Ascension. The windows, advancing 



38 Trinity College 

from east to west, represent the historical development of the 
course of Christian Life. 

The subjects of the wall-paintings between the windows 
are as follows, beginning from the west end : 

South Side. 
Adam : the Apple, freshly tilled ground, and the four rivers of Paradise 

below. 
Melchisedec : the Vine, wheat below. Gen. xiv. 18. 
Jacob : the Palm. 

David : the Cedar, as the royal tree. Psalm xcii. 12 ; Ezek. xvii. 22—24. 
JosiAH : the Oleander : selected, as being one of the most striking shrubs 

of Palestine, to symbolize the reform under Josiah. 
EzEA : the Almond: intended to mark the fresh organization of the law 

under Ezra. Numbers xvii. 8 ; Jeremiah i. 11. 

North Side. 

Noah : the Olive ; a rainbow, dove and olive branch above ; a dead raven 
lying in the water below; a pair of peacocks stand under 
the olive-tree. 

Abraham : the Oak ; beneath is a ram, caught in a bramble by his horns. 
Gen. xii. 6, xiii. 18, xxii. 13. 

Moses : the Papyrus ; a pair of the sacred Ibis, mth the Nile, below. 

Aaron : the Acacia ; a species of Acacia [Acacia seyal) has been iden- 
tified with the tree called Shittah, out of the wood of which 
the Ark and the table for the shewbread were constructed. 
Exodus XXV. xxvi. 

Joshua: the Pomegranate, Fig, and Vine. Dent. viii. 8. 

Elijah : the Juniper ; the waters of the brook Cherith, below. 

Daniel : the Willow ; the waters of Babylon, below. 

Malachi : the Frankincense Tree, in reference to the prophecy of Malachi 
(i. 11), which foreshadows an abiding and universal worship. 

*^* The wider wall-space opposite to the organ bears, on each side, 
an angel carrying a scroll. On these scrolls is inscribed the first 
verse of the Latin hymn Jesus dulcis memoria, generally attributed to 
S. Bernard, with the old tune in plain-song notation. Above is a square 
medallion, in which is an angel blowing a trumpet. 

The 15 windows of the quire contain figures of men and 
women, eight to each window, arranged as nearly as possible 
in historical sequence. The order of the windows, and of the 
figures, is from east to west, the lower lights preceding the 
upper lights in each window. In order to obtain an exact 
historical sequence the windows on the north side must be 
considered in conjunction with those on the south side ; but 
the grouping of each individual window is mainly determined 
by unity of subject. The figures in the different periods are 



Trinity College 



39 



chosen with the view of representing characteristic features or 
movements of the time in which they lived. For instance, in 
the window ilkistrating Latin Christianity, Charlemagne repre- 
sents Empire ; S. Thomas Aquinas, Scholasticism ; Louis IX., 
the Crusades ; Dante, Medieval thought ; Columban, Missions ; 
Gregory VIL, Ecclesiastical Organization ; S. Francis, Devout 
Life; Giotto, Art. 

As the name of each figure represented is given in the 
glass, we need only indicate the subject which the whole 
window is intended to illustrate. 

South Side. 

Evangelists and Teachers. 

The Church of the First 
Days. 

The Eastern Church. 

The Anglo-Saxon Church. 

English National Life be- 
fore the Reformation. 

The Eni^hsh Eeformation. 



VII. University and College 
Worthies. 

Note also the intarsia work of the panels in the sacrarium. 
It was given by A. J. B. Beresford-Hope, M.A., and executed 
in Kent, by workmen instructed by himself. 

The organ was built by Father Smith (1708), virtually 
rebuilt by Messrs Hill (1870), and further enlarged by the 
same firm (1889). 

In the Ante-Chapel are the following memorial statues ; 

1. Sir Isaac Newton, by Eoubiliac ; given by Dr Smith, Master, 
1755. 

2. Lord Bacon, by Weekes ; given by Dr Whewell, Master, 1845. 

3. Dr Isaac Barrow, by Noble ; given by Lord Lausdowne, 1858. 

4. Lord Macaulay, by Woolner ; given by subscription, 1868. 

5. Dr Whewell, by Woolner ; executed for the College, 1872. 

Among the graves of distinguished members of the College 
the following may be mentioned : Richard Bentley, d. 1742, 
on north ide of altar; Richard Porson, d. 1808, between 
statue of Barrow and the wall, tablet with bust by Chantrey 
on west wall above ; Peter Paul Dobree, d. 1825, on corre- 
sponding space on opposite side ; John Wordsworth, d. 1839, 





North Side. 




I. 


Disciples of Christ. 


I. 


II. 


The Ante-Nicene Church. 


IL 


III. 


The Western Church. 


III. 


IV. 


Latin Christianity. 


IV. 


V. 


English Ecclesiastical Life 
before the Eeformation. 


V. 


VI. 


Founders and Benefactors 
of the University and 
College. 


VI. 


VIL) 
VIII. [ 


Worthies of the College. 


VIL 



40 Trinity College 

in front of Newton's statue, with tablet on south wall ; 
William Whewell, d. 1866 ; Adam Sedgwick, d. 1873, both 
in centre of ante-chapel. 

On leaving the Chapel examine first King Edward's Gate. 
As explained above it was rebuilt in this position by Nevile, 
about 1600. Its original position may be roughly indicated 
by that of the sundial. It had originally four turrets, one of 
which was a large staircase-turret. The statue of King 
Edward, with the niche, and most of the ornamentation, was 
added by Nevile. 

The doorway next beyond the gate leads to the Bowling- 
Green, a picturesque spot, whence good views may be had of 
S. John's College, and (from the terrace at the end) of the 
river and S. John's College Bridge. 

On leaving the Bowling-Green note the fagade and oriel 
window of the Master's Lodge (right), built 1842-3. 

Next cross the court to the Fountain, a beautiful specimen 
of Renaissance work built by Nevile, 1602, and rebuilt with a 
few changes, 1716. It is supplied with water from a field on 
the Madingley road, distant about 1834 yards from the 
College. The conduit was originally laid down by the Fran- 
ciscans (now represented by Sidney Sussex College, p. 88) in 
1325 ; annexed, in part, by King's Hall in 1439 ; and 
confirmed to Trinity College by Henry the Eighth. 

Notice next the Queen's Gate in the south range, built 
by Nevile, and finished in 1597, when the statue of Queen 
Elizabeth was placed on it. It was evidently intended to be 
a pendant, both in position and style, to King Edward's Gate. 

The structure between the Hall and the corner of the 
court, in a plain classical style, was built by James Essex 
1770-75. It contains the Combination Booms on the first- 
floor, with part of the kitchen-ofiices below, and chambers 
above. 

The Hall, built by Nevile, 1604-8, should next be 
visited. Note the beautiful Renaissance porch at the top of 
the steps. Before entering the screens take a view of the 
Great Court, best seen from this point. Note that none of 
the angles are right angles ; that no side is of the same length 
as the side opposite to it ; that no principal building on any 
side is in the centre of that side ; and that the Fountain is 
not at the intersection of the diagonals. 



Trinity College 



41 



The Hall was copied from that of the Middle Temple, 
London, both in dimensions and ornament. Note especially 
the open roof and the carved work of the screen. 




Among the numerous portraits note the following : 

Left: Cha. John Vaughan, D.D., d. 1897 : Ouless, 1894. 
Henry Jackson, Litt. D. : Furse, 18S9. 



42 Trinity College 

Fenton John Ant. Hort, D.D., d. 1892 : G. P. Jacomb Hood. 
Will. Whewell, D.D. (d. 1866), as a young man : Lonsdale. 
Tho. Jones, M.A., Tutor 1787—1807. 

In Oriel : Jos. Barber Lightfoot, D.D. , Bp. of Durham, d. 1889 : Eichmond, 
1889. 
Edw. White Benson, Abp. of Canterbury, d. 1896 : W. E. Miller. 

Left wall of dais : Richard Bentley, D.D., d. 1742 : Hudson, 1710. 

Will. Makepeace Thackeray, d. 1863 : Lockhart Bogle. 
Will. Hepworth Thompson, D.D., d. 1886 : H.Herkomer, 

1881. 

Right wall of dais: H.E.H. the Duke of Gloucester, as a child: Sir 
Joshua Eeynolds. 
Alfred Tennyson, d. 1892 : Watts, 1890. 

Right wall : Sir Michael Foster : H. Herkomer, 1893. 

Art. Cayley, d. 1895 : Lowes Dickinson, 1874. 

Hen. Eichards Luard, D.D., d. 1891: Lowes Dickinson, 

1897. 
Fre. Denison Maurice, M.A., d. 1872. 
Edw. Hen. 15th Earl of Derby, K.G. : after G. Eichmond^s 
Ja. Clerk Maxwell, M.A., d. 1879 : Lowes Dickinson. 

The Kitchen, entered from a door in the screens opposite 
to those of the Hall, was built 1605. 

Leave the screens by the door opposite to that by which 
you entered, and pass into Nevile's Court, sometimes called 
the Cloister Court. The terrace at the east end, with balus- 
trades and steps, and niches surmounted by a pediment, was 
built in 1682, probably after a design by Wren. 

Nevile's Court was built at the sole expense of Dr Nevile, 
and completed about 1612 in a florid style of Jacobean 
architecture, as we learn from Loggan's print (1688). It then 
extended for only three-fifths of its present length, and was 
terminated, westwards, by a wall, in the centre of which was 
a lofty stone gate, now used as the entrance to the New Court 
(p. 47). The two westernmost divisions, or eight arches, were 
added 1676-81. The whole was altered 1755. 

Lord Byron had rooms in this court. They are said to 
have been those nearest to the Library on the first-floor of 
the central staircase on the north side. 

Turn to the right, and walk down the north cloister to the 
door of the Library, which closes the court towards the west. 
This noble building, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, was 
built 1676-95. The general plan was evidently suggested by 
the Library of S. Mark, Venice, built by Sansovino about 



Trinity College 



43 



1536. The Italian architect, like Wren, raised his library 
on a cloister in the Doric style, while the superstructure is 
Ionic; but the arcades are open, because there was no 




44 Trinity College 

necessity for accommodating the height to that of adjoining 
buildings. Wren, on the contrary, felt himself obliged to 
place the floor of his library on the same level as that of 
the chambers on the first-floor of the adjoining court. Note 
the genius with which he overcame this difficulty, and also 
that of providing a lofty wall for the bookcases to stand 
against, with broad and high windows above it. 

The tympanum of the central arch contains a bas-relief representing 
King Ptolemy the Second receiving the Septuagint from the Translators. 
The four figures on the balustrade, by Gabriel Gibber, represent Divinity, 
Lavsr, Physics, Mathematics. 

On entering the Library note the excellence of (1) the 
proportions (200 feet long, 42 feet wide, and 37 feet high) ; 
(2) the lighting ; (3) the general effect produced by a 
combination of books, bookcases, and statuary. 

The arrangement of the bookcases was suggested by "Wren 
himself. " The disposition of the shelves both along the walls 
and breaking out from the walls, " he says in a letter explaining 
his design, " must needes prove very convenient and gracefull, 
and the best way for the students will be to have a little 
square table in each Celle with two chaires." The lining of 
the walls of a library with shelves was then unusual, the 
medieval practice of arranging the cases at right angles to 
the walls (as at Trinity Hall, p. 26) being still in use. These 
bookcases (of Norway oak) were made by Cornelius Austin, 
a carpenter of Cambridge, under Wren's supervision. Note 
especially the wreaths of fruit, flowers, and arabesques carved 
in lime-wood, by Grinling Gibbons. Wren intended to place 
statues on the ends of the cases, and square pedestals were 
provided for them, but their places have been taken by busts. 
The four classes (two at each end of the room) closed with 
doors, for the safe keeping of MSS. and papers, were also 
designed by Wren. 

Marble busts of distinguished members of the College are 
ranged round the room. As each bust bears the name of the 
person represented, and also that of the sculptor, it is not 
necessary to enumerate them. Note the long series by Rou- 
biliac, viz. : Bacon, Barrow, Bentley, Coke, Cotton, Newton, 
Bay, Trevor, Whitworth, Willoughby. 

At the south end of the room is Thorwaldsen's statue 
of Lord Byron, originally executed (1831) in the expectation 



Trinity College 45 

that it would be placed in either S. Paul's Cathedral oi 
VV^estminster Abbey. On its arrival in England it was refused 
admission to the Abbey by Dean Ireland, and again (in 1842) 
by Dean Turton. Thereupon a member of the College, 
Charles de la Pryme, M.A., informed the Master (Dr Whewell) 
of what had been done, and that the statue had been lying 
^for about 12 years in the vaults of the Custom House. The 
subscribers were presently informed that Trinity College would 
gladly receive it, and they, in public meeting assembled, agreed 
to present it, on condition that it was placed in the Library. 
The following description is from the Life of Thorwaldsen: 

The Poet, in modern costume, is seated upon the ruins of some Greek 
columns. His head is uncovered. He holds in his hand his poem Childe 
Harold, and raises towards his chin his left hand, holding a pen. On 
one side of the Greek fragment is A9HNH with the owl; on the other 
Apollo's lyre and a gryphon. A Death's head is upon the broken 
column. The bas-relief represents the Genius of Poetry, who tunes 
his lyre, and rests his foot upon the prow of a skiff. 

Note the cast of Sir Isaac Newton's face, taken shortly 
after death ; and the ancient telescope associated with his 
name, though it may be doubted whether it was ever actually 
used by him. 

In a table-case near this end of the Library is a manuscript 
book which once belonged to Milton. It contains Lycidas, 
Comus, and other poems, with the first sketch of Paradise 
Lost, when the poet intended to write it in the form of a 
drama. Other cases contain the MSS. of Thackeray's Esmond ; 
of Tennyson's In Memoriam^ and of the Poems by Two 
Brothers by Charles and Alfred Tennyson. Some interesting 
illuminated manuscripts are also exhibited. 

On leaving the Library turn to the right into the grounds 
between it and the river. Note the iron- work of the two 
gates, and of the arches on the west side of the cloister, 
made 1691-92 by "Mr Partridge the London Smith," pre- 
sumably under AVren's direction. 

Walk to the bridge (built by Essex 1763-65) to see the 
Avenue and view of S. John's College. The chestnut trees 
along the edge of the stream separating Trinity College from 
S. John's College were planted 1676-77 ; the avenue west of 
the bridge 1671-72 ; and the part between the bridge and the 
College 1717. The iron gates at the end of the avenue were 



46 



Trinity College 



given (1733) by the Hon. Hen. Bromley, of Horseheath, M.P. 
for Cambridgeshire, but the date of their construction is not 
known. 




TRINITY COLLEGE, BRIDGE AND AVENUE, 
with part of Library and Gate leading into the Neio Court. 



From the bridge enter the New Court, or King's Court, 
built from the design of Wilkins 1823-25. Arthur Hallam 



Trinity College 47 

had rooms in this court, on the first-floor of the central 
staircase opposite Nevile's Court — the set on the right as you 
face the staircase. The lines of Tennyson 

and last 
Up that long walk of limes I past 
To see the rooms in which he dwelt, 

have frequently been held to imply that liis friend's rooms 
looked on to the walks. Tennyson himself did not reside in 
college. 

Leave the New Court by the gate opposite to that by 
which you entered. You pass {right) Bishop's Hostel, a 
separate building erected 1670 at the sole charge of Dr John 
Hackett, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, for the use of 
members of the College, the rents to increase the income of 
the Library. Behind this are two ranges of chambers in red 
brick, built on the site of the stable-yard, 1878, after the 
design of Sir A. W. Blomfield, architect. 

The gate of entrance from the street at Bishop's Hostel is 
Nevile's Gate (p. 42). It bears the following arms : 

East Front. The Royal Arms, as in the Hall, encircled with the 
garter, and supported by the lion and the unicorn. On the south side 
is a rose, and on the north side a thistle ; the badges of England and 
Scotland respectively. On each pier of the gate, below these badges, is 
a shield : that on the south side bears Trinity College, that on the 
north side Magdalene College ; both impaling Nevile. In the span- 
drels of the arch are two smaller shields ; one charged with the saltire ; 
the other fretty with a canton ermine, being the first and second quarter 
of the Nevile arms. 

West Front. The arms of Nevile, quartered as follows : 1 and 2 
Nevile, 3 Bulmer, 4 Alban of Middleham, 5 Glanville, 6 Clavering. On 
each side is one of the Nevile crests ; on the north side a pied bull's 
head charged with a red rose, on the south side a galley. On the piers, 
below these, are two shields : that on the north side bears the Deanery 
of Canterbury, that on the south side the Deanery of Peterborough, 
both impaling Nevile. In the spandrels of the arch are the arms of 
Trinity College on the north side ; and on the south side a bend raguly 
with a portcullis on a canton, for W. H. Thompson, D,D., Master ; im- 
paling three annulets on a bend cotised (the Selywn arms), for Mrs 
Thompson. 

Return to the Great Court through a passage opposite 
Bishop's Hostel ; cross it, and pass through the Great Gate 
into Trinity Street. Then turn to the left and walk towards 
S. John's College. The open space on the right marks the 



48 



S. John's College 



site of the Cliurch of All Saints, or, All Saints in the 
Jewry, pulled down 1865. Beyond this is 

The Selwyn Divinity School, 

completed 1879 after a design by Basil Champneys, architect, 
at the joint cost of the University and the Rev. Wm. Selwyn, 
B.D., Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity (1855-75), who 
contributed nearly £9000. Part of the building contains rooms 
for the use of the Literary Professors. Opposite to this is 



S. John's College, 

founded by the Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Eichmond and 
Derby, mother of King Henry the Seventh, 1511, on the suppression of 
the Hospital of S. John the Evangehst founded 1135. 

Note the picturesque facade, almost unaltered, and then 
the gate of entrance, the most beautiful 
of all the Cambridge gateway-towers. 
Like the others it is in two floors, with 
four turrets, of which that at the south- 
west angle is the largest, as it was built 
to contain the staircase leading to the 
original Library, the room with windows 
close together on the first-floor next to 
the gate. 

The ornamentation of the gate com- 
memorates the Lady Margaret. The 
string-course between the first and 
second stages is formed of the branch of a vine bearing leaves 
and fruit. Two portcullises and two roses are set among the 
foliage. Below this string-course is a band of daisies, or 
marguerites, in allusion to the name of the Foundress. These 
bands project outwards in the centre of the facade and form a 
bracket for the niche containing the statue of S. John. This 
statue was set up in 1662, probably to replace an older one 
destroyed in the Civil War. Below the bracket the hood- 
mold of the arch terminates in a bold finial. The shield 
beneath the finial bears the arms of France and England 
quarterly, crowned, and supported by the antelopes of Beaufort. 
Beneath the shield in the triangular space formed by the arch 




ARMS OF S. JOHN'S 
COLLEGE. 



^S'. Johns College 



49 




ENTRANCE GATEWAY OF S. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 



0. 



50 S. John's College 

and the rising branches of the hood-mold is a rose. To the 
right of the central device is a portcullis, to the left a rose, 
both crowned. The crown of the former has the points 
composed of bnnches of daisies, and the whole ground of 
the spandrel-space is covered with daisies and other flowers. 
In the second stage the window to the left of the niche is 
surmounted by a rose, and that to the right by a portcullis, 
both crowned. 

This gateway admits to the First Court, built 1510-20. 
The south side was rebuilt in a classical style by Essex 1772. 
The Kitchen, Butteries and Hall form the west side. The 
original Master's Lodging and Chapel, which formerly stood 
on the north side, were pulled down 1869, but their extent 
may still be traced. Turn to the right and visit the New 
Chapel designed by Sir Geo. Gilb. Scotfc, and built 1864-69, 
of Ancaster stone in a style intended to be that prevalent 
in England about 1280, and used for the Hospital which 
preceded the College. 

The Chapel is 172 feet long and 34 feet broad internally ; 
the transeptal ante-chapel 32 feet long and 75 feet broad; 
the tower 140 feet high, or, to the top of the pinnacles, 
163 feet. 

On entering the ante-chapel note (left) the arches through 
which the chantry of Bishop Fisher, on the north side of the 
old Chapel, was entered. The central arch is original, the 
lateral arches new. Note the defacement of the Bishop's 
arms. 

The glass in the west window, by Messrs Clayton and Bell, 
representing the Last Judgment, was given by the Bachelors 
and Undergraduates, 1869. The fragments of stained glass 
that were in the east window of the old Chapel now fill the 
central window of the three on the west face of the tower 
immediately above this window. The seated statue of James 
Wood, p.D. (Master 1815-39) is by E. H. Baily, R.A. Behind 
this against the wall (left) is a tablet to commemorate the poet 
Henry Kirke White, d. 1806. The medallion is by Chantrey; 
the verses by Professor Smyth. 

Note next the monument of Hugh Ashton, a learned 
ecclesiastic, comptroller of the household to the Lady Margaret, 
and founder of four fellowships and scholarships in this College. 
It stood originally in his chantry on the north side of the old 



S. Johns College 



51 



Chapel. On the 'ledger' lies a painted recumbent effigy of 
Ashton vested in his academic robes. Beneath is a second 




52 8, John's College 

effigy representing him as an emaciated corpse, according to 
the directions in his Will. Eound the edge of the ' ledger ' is 
an inscription on a bronze label, recording his benefactions 
and the date of his death. Over the whole tomb is a stone 
canopy, formed of two four-centered arches, joined by panel- 
work, in the spandrels of which Ashton's rebus, an ash leaf 
growing out of a tun, is carved. The whole is finished above 
by a stone cresting. A grating of contemporary ironwork, 
also bearing his inscription, protects the sides of the tomb. 
The rebus occurs again at the four corners of this grating, and 
in the middle of each side. 

In the north transept the two windows on the north face 
commemorate Ralph Tatham, D.D. (Master 1839-57) ; and 
the window on the east face, John James Blunt, B.D. (Lady 
Margaret Professor 1839-55). 

The tower opens into the quire by one large arch, and into 
each of the transepts by two arches. The piers are of Ketton 
stone. The piers which subdivide the arches opening to the 
transepts to the north and south have each four detached 
shafts of red Peterhead granite. The other piers have clusters 
of shafts of Devonshire, Irish, and Serpentine marbles. The 
abaci of all the piers are of black Derbyshire marble. There 
are shafts of Devonshire, Irish and Serpentine marbles at the 
sides of the windows in the ante-chapel, except of those in the 
second stage of the tower. 

The quire is of seven bays, with a five- sided apse. The 
vaulting-shafts are of different British marbles, like those in 
the ante-chapel. Their capitals are on a level with those of 
the window-shafts ; and above each capital is an ornamental 
niche, containing statues of the following Saints, taken in 
order from east to west : 





NORTH SIDE. 




SOUTH SIDE. 


s. 


John, as Evangelist. 


S. 


John, as Apostle. 


s. 


Luke. 


S. 


Paul. 


s. 


Mark, 


S. 


Peter. 


s. 


Matthew. 


S. 


Thomas. 


s. 


Bartholomew. 


S. 


Philip the Apostle. 


s. 


James the Great. 


S. 


Andrew. 


s. 


Jude. 


S. 


James the Less. 


s. 


Matthias. 


S. 


Simon. 


s. 


Stephen. 


S. 


Barnabas, 


s. 


Philip the Deacon. 


S. 


Silas. 



S, Johns College 53 

The ' sacrarium ' is enriched by an arcade, formed of pairs 
of arches placed within larger ones, and decorated with shafts 
of Devonshire, Irish, and Serpentine marbles. The abaci are 
of the red marble known as the Duke of Devonshire's marble, 
and were presented by the late Duke, then Chancellor of the 
University. Within each of the larger arches, and above the 
two included smaller ones, is a quatrefoil bearing an angel, 
issuing from a cloud, and playing on an instrument of music. 
The spandrels of the larger arches are carved in diaper work. 

Note the piscina, of good Early English work, brought from 
the old Chapel. 

The roof of the quire, of a very high pitch, is composed of 
quadripartite vaulting in oak. This is decorated by a con- 
tinuous line of full-length figures. In the central bay at the 
east end is Our Lord in Majesty. The other bays contain a 
series of figures illustrative of the eighteen Christian centuries, 
proceeding in order from east to west. 

The stained glass windows in the quire are by Messrs 
Clayton and Bell. They represent scenes from Scripture at 
which S. John was present. His figure, vested in ruby and 
green, occurs in each picture. There are two pictures in each 
window, extending across all the lights. In the following list 
of subjects, which begins at the west end of the north side, the 
numbers (1) and (2) designate the upper and lower subjects 
respectively. The commemorative inscription is placed just 
above the cill in each window. 

I. 

1. Marriage at Cana. 

2. Testimony of S. John Baptist to Christ. 

II. 

1. Baising of Jairus' daughter. 

2. CaU of S. John. 

III. 

1. Transfiguration of Christ. 

2. SS. James and John, with their mother, ask Christ for the 

highest places. 

IV. 

1. Raising of Lazarus. 

2. SS. Peter and John sent to prepare the Passover. 

V. 

1. Last Supper. 

2. Manna in the Wilderness. 



54 



S. John's College 



We now come to the apse, in which there are five windows, 
each of two lights, with a sexfoil in the head. Each sexfoil 
contains a half-length figure of Christ, except that in the 
central window, which contains a Lamb and Banner. Each 
of the two lights below contains three pictures, the upper 
representing figures in contemplation, the two lower scenes 
from the Passion, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Christ. 
The glass in these five windows was given by the Earl of Powis. 
In the following list the windows are counted from the north 
side, and the subjects from the top of each light. 



I. 



4. Kings. 

5. The Agony in the Garden. 



1. Patriarchs. 

2. Christ washing the Disciples' 

feet. 

3. Mary anointing the feet of 6. The Betrayal. 

Christ. 

n. 

1. Prophets. 4. Priests. 

2. Christ before the High Priest. 5. Pilate shewing Christ to the 

people. 
6. The Flagellation. 



3. Christ taken prisoner. 

1. Apostles. 

2. The Crucifixion. 

3. Christ bearing the Cross. 



III. 



4. Men of Apostolic Times. 

5. The Deposition. 

6. S. John leading the Virgin 

home. 



IV. 



4. Martyrs (women). 

5. The Entombment. 



1. Martyrs (men). 

2. The Body of Christ prepared 

for burial. 

3. Joseph of Arimathea begs the 6. Nicodemus bringing spices. 

Body of Christ. 

V. 

1. Bishops and Doctors. 4. Priests and Deacons. 

2. The Kesurrection. 6. Christ appears to Mary Magda- 

lene. 

3. SS. Peter and John at the 6. Mary Magdalene at the sepul- 

sepulchre. chre. 

The following are the subjects in the windows on the south 
side, counting from the east : 

I. 

1. Christ appears to the Disciples. 

2. Consecration of Aaron. 



S. Jolin^s College 65 

n. 

1. The Ascension. 

2. Elijah carried up to Heaven. 

in. 

1. The Descent of the Holy Spirit. 

2. Moses with the Tables of the Law. 

IV. 

1. S. Peter's inquiry touching S. John. 

2. The great draught of fishes. 

V. 

1. SS. Peter and John heal the Lame Man. 

2. The Lame Man before the Council. 

VI. 

1. SS. Peter, James and John give to SS. Paul and Barnabas 

the right hand of fellowship. 

2. SS. Peter and John confirming at Samaria. 

The quire, from the screen to the ' sacrarium,' is paved 
with Purbeck and Sicilian marble and encaustic tiles. The 
six steps leading up to the altar are of Devonshire marble. 
The space between the first and second steps is paved with 
Purbeck, Sicilian, and black Derbyshire marbles, with a border 
of encaustic tiles. The space between the second and third 
steps is elaborately decorated with a series of subjects in inlaid 
work. The figures are of white marble, on a ground of black 
Devonshire marble. Each subject is so arranged as to form a 
square, set lozenge-wise, round which an inscription runs; and 
encaustic tiles, of the same colour and pattern as those used 
in other parts of the Chapel, form borders round the subjects, 
and, intermixed with marbles of other colours, a general 
groundwork to the whole composition. In the central portion 
of the pavement the above-mentioned subjects are set in two 
rows, five in each row ; and round the outer edge, in the small 
triangular spaces which intervene between the squares, are the 
signs of the zodiac, also in white marble on a black ground. 
The subjects are as follows, counted from left to right : 

Uppeb Eow. 

1. Abel watching his burnt of- 3. Melchizedek blessing Abra- 

fering. ham. 

2. King Solomon. 4. King David. 

6. Sacrifice of Isaac. 



66 S. John^s College 

LOWBB Eow. 

1. Moses. 4. The Manna in the Wilder- 

2. The Burning Bush. ness. 

3. Zechariah. 5. Malachi. 

Of the 98 stalls, 22 on each side, counting from the east, 
came from the old Chapel. The others were designed by Sir 
G. G. Scott. The brass lectern was given in 1840 by Rev. 
Tho. Whytehead, M.A., Fellow. 

On leaving the Chapel walk along the west side of the 
First Court to the passage leading through the Screens. Note 
over the door the statue of the Lady Margaret, 1674. 

Pass through the Screens into the Second Court. This 
beautiful specimen of Elizabethan brickwork was built 1598- 
1602, chiefly at the expense of Mary Cavendish, Countess of 
Shrewsbury. The architect was Ealph Symons, Avho had been 
already employed to build Emmanuel College (p. 105), and 
to alter Trinity College (p. 33). 

Return to the Screens, and first enter {right) the Kitchen, 
to note the memorial inscription to the poet Wordsworth in 
the upper window on the left in the south wall. He has 
himself said of the rooms which he occupied while an under- 
graduate (1787-91) in The Prelude: 

The Evangelist Saint John my patron was: 
Three Gothic courts are his, and in the first 
Was my abiding-place, a nook obscure. 
Eight underneath the college kitchens made 
A humming sound, less tuneable than bees, 
But hardly less industrious; with shrill notes 
Of sharp command and scolding intermixed. 

The rooms in question were described by one who visited 
them with Wordsworth in 1839 as "mean and dismal," but 
he said that he had been " as joyous as a lark " in them. For 
some years previous to 1893 they had been used as a store- 
room, and in that year were added to the kitchen, to gain 
additional height. A recollection of the poet is maintained 
by the words "William Wordsworth, 1787-91. My abiding- 
place a nook obscure. The Prelude," introduced into the glass 
of the window. 

On entering the Hall note the early " linen " panels on 
the screen, and the somewhat later panels of the same 
character on the walls. The open roof is original. 



S. Johns College 57 

The Hall was extended forty feet towards the north, and 
a second oriel built, 1863-65. Note the lofty screen at the 
back of the dais, removed from the old Hall. 

Among the portraits in the Hall note the following : 

Against the Screen. Tho. Baker, B.D. Historian of the College, d. 1740. 
Left, Hen. Martyn, B.D,, d. 1812: T. Hickey (copy). 

Ja. Atlay, D.D., Bp of Hereford, d. 1894. 

Edw. Hen. Palmer, M.A., d. 1882: Hon. J. Collier. 

William Wordswortli,B.A., d. 1850 : H. W. Pickersgill. 

Benj. Hall Kennedy, D.D., d. 1889: Ouless, 1885. 

Ja. Jos. Sylvester, M.A., d. 1897: A. E. Emslie. 

John Eyton Bickersteth Mayor, M.A. : H. Herkomer. 

Herb. Marsh, D.D., d. 1839: Ponsford. 

Riglit. Ch. Cardale Babington, M.A., d. 1895 : Wm. Vizard. 

Eev. Pet. Hamnett Mason, M.A., President. 
Ja. Wood, D.D. (Master 1815—39). 
John Williams, D.D., Bp of Lincoln 1621—41; 
Abp of York 1641—44. 

Above High Table. John Fisher, D.D., d. 1535. 
The Foundress. 

Sir Kalph Hare, d. 1623 : Mark Garrard. 
Sarah Duchess of Somerset, d. 1692. 

Leave the Hall by the door on the left near the high 
table, and ascend the staircase (built 1863) to the Gallery, 
now used as a Combination Room for the Fellows. It was 
built originally as part of the Second Court for tlie use of the 
Master. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries a Gallery 
formed part of every important dwelling-house. In Colleges 
the Master represented the Lord of the Castle or Manor-house, 
and his lodging, like the "withdrawing room" of the former, 
was usually entered from the dais of the hall, and had a 
similar arrangement of rooms. At Trinity, Christ's, and 
Queens', he had even a small window openiAig trom his 
chamber into the hall, so that he could both see and hear 
what was passing there. In Cambridge the gallery is usually 
described as "the Master's walking-place" (ambidatoriam 
magistri), and may perhaps have been intended in the first 
instance for exercise in bad weather. 

This gallery, with its panelled walls and ceiling of rich 
plaster-work, is one of the finest specimens of this class of 
building left in England. It was originally 148 feet long, but 
has now been reduced to 93 feet. 



58 S. John's College 

Among the portraits note the following : 

Geo. Augustus Selwyn, D.D., d. 1878: G. Eichmond, 1854. 

Sir John Fre. Wm. Herschel, d. 1871 : H. W. Pickersgill. 

The Foundress, 

John Couch Adams, d. 1892 : T. Mogford. 

Wm. Wilberforce, d. 1833: G. Eichmond, 1834. 

Tho. Clarkson, d. 1846 : H. Eoom, 1838. 

Tho. Baker, d. 1740: C. Bridges (copy). 

Sam. Parr, d. 1826 : G. Dawe. 




GALLERY OF S. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 



Walk through the gallery to the Library, built 1623-28, 
chiefly at the cost of John Williams, D.I)., then Bp of 
Lincoln and Lord Keeper. He is commemorated on the 
picturesque gable towards the river, by the letters L L. C. S., 
for Johannes Lincolniensis Gustos Sigilli. The building is an 
interesting specimen of Jacobean Gothic, and the bookcases, 
put up at the same time, are not only beautiful in themselves, 
but of great value in the history of library-fittings. Note 
that they are no longer detached from the side-walls, as in 
the older examples, but that their cornice is continuous with 
that of the panelwork which lines the walls and window-jambs. 



>S^. John's College 



59 



Lower detached cases, in the same style and of the same date 
as the others, stand in front of each window. Note the two 




BOOKCASES IN THE LIBRARY OF S. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 

of these nearest to the door, which are of the original height, 
with a sloping desk at the top on which books could be laid 
for study. The others have all been raised, to give more 
room for books ; and, for the same reason, the taller cases 
have all been altered. The plinths, now visible at the ends 



60 



8, John's College 



only, origmally ran round the sides, as did the broad band of 
wood-work above the arches ; and there was a rich pilaster in 
the middle of each, below the central bracket. 




S. JOHN'S COLLEGE: gateway in centre of tvest range of Third Court. 

Descend the staircase (finished 1628), a rich and charac- 
teristic specimen of the style then in fashion, and walk along 



S. John's College 61 

the Second Court to the entrance leading westwards into the 
Third Court. Note, over the gateway, the statue of the 
Countess of Shrewsbury, by Burman, 1671. 

The buildings on the south and west sides of the Third 
Court were built 1669—73. Note the date, 1671, on the 
west gable (towards the river) and on one of the spouts at 
the S.W. angle of the court. Thomas Baker the antiquary, 
d. 1740, occupied the westernmost set of rooms on the first- 
floor in the first staircase on the south side. Note the greater 
width of the arch of the west cloister opposite to the gate of 
entrance from the Second Court, and the treatment of the 
building above it so as to form a gateway front, ornamented 
with shields, roses, and portculhses, and crowned by a 
circular pediment. This gateway was constructed for the use 
to which it is now put, namely, as the approach to a bridge. 

Sir C. Wren was consulted, and he submitted a design for 
a bridge, but it was not adopted. 

Note the south side of the Library, with pointed windows 
of two lights, and then pass through the western archway and 
over the Bridge into the New Court, built from the designs 
of Messrs Rickman and Hutchinson, 1826-30. The bridge, 
commonly called "The Bridge of Sighs," was designed by 
Mr Hutchinson. The view, both up and down the river is 
very beautiful. 

Walk down the cloister of the New Court, and turn left 
into the walks. If you have time, turn to the right along 
the broad gravel walk, and, crossing the brook which traverses 
the grounds, explore the Wilderness; the gate at the end 
of the walk out of which tlfe entrance to the Wilderness opens 
is called the Field-gate, and leads into the high road. 

Beturning from the Wilderness choose the walk by the 
side of the stream separating S. John's College from Trinity 
College, called Bachelors' Walk, and then walk along the 
river to the Old Bridge, built 1696-1712. Before reaching 
it there is a charming view of the building of 1671, with the 
bridge and its picturesque piers in the foreground. 

Cross the bridge, and pass under the south gable of the 
building next the river. Before reaching the gateway (built 
1712), each of the piers of which bears a stone eagle, is a 
passage leading into the Third Court. Pass through this. 



62 Church of the Holy Sepulchre 

and thence through the Second and First Courts into S. 
John's Street. 

Turn to the left, and passing the apse of the new Chapel 
of S. John's College, you see before you, opposite the junction 
of S. John's Street with Bridge Street, the 

Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 

commonly called the Round Church, one of the four round 
churches in England. To judge by the style of the archi- 
tecture it was built between 1120 and 1140. In its original 
form the church consisted of the present nave with its 
ambulatory (see plan p. 64), and, probably, a semicircular apse 
on part of the site of the modern chancel. There is ground for 
believing, on evidence discovered in 1841, that in the thir- 
teenth century this apse was replaced by a chancel in the 
Early English style ; and we know, from actual remains that 
existed down to 1841, that this later chancel had been replaced 
in the fifteenth century by one in the style of that period, 
presumably larger. When this change was carried out a wide 
four-centered arch was made between the chancel and the nave 
(plan 6, e), with a window on each side of it (ibid, a, f) ; and 
there were doorways in the same style in the north and south 
walls (ibid, k, I). The north aisle was probably built at the 
same time, for its roof is of the 15th century. The nave was 
altered to suit the new chancel by raising the wall of the 
clerestory so as to get room for a belfry above the Norman 
corbel-table, which was fortunately preserved. This new 
stage was polygonal, with a slender buttress at each angle, 
and a window of two lights on each face. In the lower stage, 
the Norman windows, with a single exception, were altered 
into windows of three lights ; a process repeated in those of 
the ambulatory below. 

In 1841 a "thorough restoration," which aimed at putting 
back the architecture of the church to the Norman period, did 
much mischief in obliterating ancient work, and constructing 
modern additions for which there was no authority. The 
chancel was rebuilt except the east wall (coloured black on 
plan), with a new arch (ibid, c, d) into the nave, narrower 
than the old one, and a pierced stone screen above it ; the 
north aisle was rebuilt and extended eastwards so as to make 




CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. 




CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE: INTERIOR OF THE NAVE. 



64 



Church of the Holy Sepulchre 



it of equal length with the chancel ; and a new south aisle 
was added. In the nave the belfry was pulled down (perhaps 




[ZU... 



Existing old work; 

Walls rebuilt in the same positions as formerfgt 

Windows of Ambulatory destroyed //) 1841, 

and windows of Chancel and Aisle 

in new positions. 

Old work destroyed. 

10 
JOth. Century. t 1 1 



Scale of Feet 



iValAer£r£ou(aU 



GROUND PLAN OF CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE: 
measured and drawn by T. D. Atkinson, Architect. 



Church of S. Clement 65 

wisely) and replaced by a conical roof. The fifteenth century 
windows were all removed, and Norman windows inserted, 
copied from the single old one which had survived. The am- 
bulatory received similar treatment both in roof and windows ; 
and the west doorway, of a bold Norman design, was restored 
so drastically that not a single old stone is left. 

Behind S. Sepulchre's Church are the buildings of the 

Cambridge Union Society, 

erected from the designs of Alf. Waterhouse, architect, 1866, 
and increased in 1882 and 1884. The objects of the Society 
are the promotion of debates, the maintenance of a library, 
and the supply of newspapers and other periodicals. 

Turn to the right down Bridge Street, in which, from this 
point as far as the Castle, a good many remnants of ancient 
house-architecture may still be seen. On the right is the 

Church of S. Clement, 

a small and not particularly interesting building. It consists 
of nave, north and south aisles, chancel, vestry on north side 
of chancel, and west tower. The nave may be assigned to the 
end of the twelfth or beginning of the thirteenth century. The 
two arcades are not quite alike, but are probably of the same, 
or nearly the same, date. The aisles were rebuilt late in the 
fifteenth or early in the sixteenth century. The roof of the 
north aisle is dated 1538, when the clerestory was added or 
rebuilt. The font is of the fifteenth century. Note the 
richly molded south door, which is of good Early English work, 
much earlier than the rest of the aisle, and may have been 
brought from elsewhere. The chancel, of brick, is said to 
have been built in or about 1726. 

The tower and sj^ire were erected in 1821 with a legacy 
from the Rev. Wm. Cole, M.A., the well-known antiquary, 
d. 1782. He is commemorated by the motto Deum Cole, 
carved on the west face of the tower. 

Passing on the left the entrance to the Master's Lodge of 
S. John's College, built 1863, we come to 

The Great Bridge, 

an iron structure, built 1823, to replace one of stone built by 
James Essex 1754. Up to that date the bridge had been of 

C. 5 



66 Magdalene College 

wood. Looking left, towards S. John's College, note the small 
wharf on the right, called Fisher Laiste, bordered by picturesque 
houses and gardens. It is the last of the numerous hithes 
which lined the banks of the river in the Middle Ages, and 
derived their names either from the goods landed at them, or 
from their owners, as Corn Hithe, Flax Hithe, Salt Hithe, 
Dame Nichol's Hithe, etc. From the opposite side of the 
bridge note the river-front of Magdalene College, restored in 
1873 by F. C. Penrose, architect. We will next visit 

Magdalene College, 

founded by Thomas Lord Audley, 1542, to replace Buckingham 
College, the site of which had been granted by Henry VI., 1428, to the 
English Benedictines, as a Hostel for Monks of their Order. 

Note the front of the College, as restored (after Loggan's 
print, 1688) by Mr Penrose, 1875. The 
entrance gateway, of the Renaissance, 
was probably built by Sir Christopher 
Wray, 1585. 

On entering the court note that the 
Library and Chapel are on the north side 
(left). Between them is a passage to the 
Master's garden and Lodge. The east 
side of the court is occupied by the 
Hall and Kitchen, over which is the 
Combination Room. It is recorded that ,,,^^,, ^^^t^!", ^^^ 

,, , f -r» 1 • 1 /^ n ,1 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 

m the days oi Buckmgham College the 
chambers were built at the cost of different Houses of the 
Benedictine Order ; and so late as 1777 the arms of the 
Monastery of Ely were to be seen over a doorway at the 
north-west corner of the court. The similar Benedictine 
house at Oxford, Gloucester College, now Worcester College, 
was built in the same way. Subsequent changes have made 
it impossible to identify the component parts of this College. 

The Chapel is, in part at least, that of Buckingham 
College. It was thoroughly restored between 1847 and 1851, 
when it was lengthened, and the windows filled with glass by 
Hardman. 

The Hall was built for Buckingham College by Edward 
Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, in 1519, but it has been much 
altered since. It was wainscotted 1585, but the present 




Magdalene College 67 

wainscotting dates from 1714. The pilasters over the high 
table, with Ionic capitals, bearing bunches of fruit and flowers, 
are fragments of the earlier work. Note the picturesque 
staircases at the south end of the Hall leading to the 
Combination Room. They were built 1714 from the design, 
it is believed, of Sir John Vanbriigh. 

Among the portraits note the following : 

Left. Charles Kingsley, d. 1875: by Lowes Dickinson. 
Right. Samuel Pepys, as a young man : by Sir Peter Lely. 

Turn to the left on leaving the Hall, and entering the 
Second Court, pay particular attention to the beautiful 
building it contains. 

This range of chambers, commonly called the Pepysian 
Library, is a valuable example of the architecture of the 
seventeenth century, and it is greatly to be regretted that 
neither the name of the architect nor the exact date of the 
design should be known. 

It is said to have been projected during the mastership 
of Dr Hen. Smyth (1626-42) because the College could not 
"lodge with conveniency all students and members thereof" ; 
begun in that of Dr John Peachel (1679-90) ; and finished 
in that of his successor Dr Gabriel Quadring (1690-1713). 
Mr Pepys gave, in various instalments, a sum of £60 towards 
building it. It must have been nearly finished by 1703, when 
Pepys bequeathed his library to the College, to be placed 
in a room "in the New Building." His books arrived in 
1724, when the arms of Pepys in the pediment of the central 
window, his motto mens cujusque is est quisque, and the 
inscription Bibliotheca Pepysiana, 1724, were added. His 
books were first placed in a large room on the first-floor, 
lighted by five windows ; but, after several migrations, they 
now occupy a fireproof room at the back of the south wing. 
The twelve bookcases, of red oak, wherein Pepys had arranged 
his treasures in his own house, are still in use. 

If possible visit the back of the building, which has the 
appearance of a gentleman's house. Two projecting wings 
enclose a small court, with square towers for staircases at 
the junction of the centre and the wings. These wings are 
curiously irregular. The south wing is rather shorter than 
the north wing, and is more inclined towards the central 

5-2 



68 



Magdalene College 



part. On the west side these wings project beyond the 
central wall only seven inches on the ground and four inches 




As 






J J' 
on the first-floor. ' Here again the construction is irregular. 



Church of S. Giles 69 

The middle window is not in the centre of the facade, and the 
space between the second and third windows counting from 
the north is greater than the corresponding space between the 
seventh and eighth windows. The carved enrichments are 
subsequent additions to give greater dignity to a building 
originally designed to contain only ordinary chambers. 
Loggan (1688) shews it without them. 

The Master's Lodge, built 1835, stands in a garden at 
the north-west corner of the site. 

The terrace on the north side of the Fellows' Garden, by 
the side of the road leading to Chesterton, is believed to rest 
on part of the outworks of the Castle. 

On leaving Magdalene College, before proceeding to the 
right up the street, note the picturesque old house opposite, 
with two overhanging floors, and brackets carved with 
grotesque figures. It was until recently an inn, called The 
Cross Keys. The yard should be entered for the sake of the 
view of the rest of the house, which has been but little altered, 
and gives a good idea of a medieval hostelry. It contains 
some quaint carving. 

At the corner of Magdalene Street and Chesterton Road 
is the 

Church of S. Giles, 

built 1875 to replace a small ancient church which modern 
additions had transformed into a strange and most unsightly 
structure (see woodcut). 

It consisted originally of a small nave and chancel. The 
chancel-arch (preserved in the south aisle of the new church) 
is of Norman, or late pre-Norman work, and may be dated 
1050 or 1075. The south doorway (preserved in the passage 
leading to the vestry from the door on the north side of the 
chancel in the new church) was probably built a century later. 
It has a sharply pointed arch, charged with chevrons ; its jamb 
once contained three detached shafts on each side with carved 
capitals ; and the arch was surmounted by a gable. Over the 
doorway was a small niche for a statue. 

The old church retained its original plan, and probably to 
a great extent its early appearance, till about the beginning of 
the present century, when the Rev. WiUiam Parish, M.A., 
Jacksonian Professor 1813-37, and . Vicar of the parish 



70 



Church of S. Giles 



1800-37, pulled down the north wall of the nave, and built a 
room of white brick large enough to accommodate an extensive 




PARISH CHURCH OF S. GILES 
S.W. vieio of old chufch. 

congregation. Parish was renowned for his mechanical contri- 
vances, and in order to facilitate his ministrations devised a 
pulpit and sounding-board of such an ingenious construction 
that not only could he be heard himself in all parts of the 
building, but the slightest whisper uttered by any member of 
his flock could be carried back to his ears. 

The new church is a large and convenient structure of 
white brick, and needs no further description. Besides the 
two fragments above mentioned it contains a fifteenth century 
font brought from the old church, and some monumental 
tablets. 

There was once another parish in this part of Cambridge, 
called All Saints by the Castle. It was united with that of 
S. Giles in 1361 because the parishioners were for the most 
part dead in the pestilence, the nave of the church was 
ruinous, and the bones of the dead exposed to wild beasts. 

On the left, nearly opposite S. Giles's Church, is the church 
of S. Peter, sometimes called 

S. Peter's by the Castle. 

The key is kept at 29, Castle Street. 
This church had become ruinous at the end of the 18th 
century, and was rebuilt on its present scale in 1781, with the 



The Castle Hill 71 

exception of the tower and spire. The south door also is, at 
least in part, of old work. Note the font, with grotesque 
sculptures at each angle. It stands on an absurd made-up 
pedestal. 

Further up the street, on the right, is the Shire-hall, 
completed 1842. This marks the site of The Castle, whose 
spacious and massive gatehouse was removed to make way for 
the new building. Behind the Shire-hall is the Gaol, built 
1802. 

The Castle Hill, 

approached through a gate just before you come to the Shire- 
hall, should on no account be missed. It is a lofty conical 
mound commanding an extensive view over Cambridge and 
its neighbourhood. Recent investigation has proved it to be 
artificial. The Castle and all the earthworks immediately 
about it were constructed on a natural promontory which 
forms the end of a terrace abutting on the river at its bend 
near Magdalene College. This promontory (see annexed 
section) is composed as follows, beginning with the lowest 
stratum : the gault, a stiff impervious clay, here about 
125 feet thick (No. 6) ; the basement-bed of the chalk with 
phosphate nodules (No. 5); a solid mass of chalk marl (No. 4); 
an irregular bed of sand and gravel (No. 3) ; a still more 
irregular layer of made earth (No. 2). 

The mound itself, on the other hand, is composed of earth, 
gravel, and large quantities of chalk. Chalk cannot in this 
district occur naturally above gravel, and therefore, whatever 
the origin of the mound may be, it must be artificial. The 
occurrence of chalk in it is easily explained on the supposition 
that the end of the promontory (along the line CD in the 
section) was cut away to form a steeper scarp, the material 
tlirown on to the top, and then pounded down to form 
a compact mound. 

With what object, then, was the mound raised ? It is not 
sepulchral, because (1) had it been so it would have been 
composed of materials obtained close at hand, and not, as is 
the case, from a distance ; (2) because careful search has 
found no remains, or traces of remains, in it. It is evidently 
a mound of defence, a Burh, such as were raised in the ninth 



n 



The Castle Hill 



and tenth centuries as the substructure of wooden forts, or 
the residences of chiefs. 



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There is ample proof that the Romans occupied the high 
ground in this part of Cambridge, as they occupied many 
spots in the neighbourhood, but there is no trace of a Roman 



The Castle Hill 73 

camp or fortification of any kind. The identification of the 
spot with the Cam bori turn of the Itineraries, adopted with 
unanimity by the antiquaries of the last century, rests on no 
solid foundation of fact. It is most probable that the position 
was first fortified in those troublous times when the earlier 
invaders who had conquered the Romanised British were in 
their turn attacked by new-comers from the Continent ; but at 
what precise date or by whom the Burh was constructed there 
is not at present any evidence to shew. Until the year 1802 
a hollow crossed the promontory between the mound and the 
prison, marking in aU probability the fosse which protected 
the mound on that, the otherwise most accessible, side. 

William the Conqueror built a castle here in 1068, having 
pulled down 27 houses to make room for it. In succeeding 
reigns this castle was repaired, or strengthened, or granted to 
a favourite, and sometimes the king lodged in it ; but it was 
never an important fortress, and seems to have been used chiefly 
as a prison. In the 15th century part of it was falling into 
decay, for in 1441 King Henry the Sixth granted to his 
scholars "the old hall and a chamber next to it in the castle, 
then in a state of ruin and wholly unroofed," by way of 
assistance in building. In 1642 the fortifications were 
strengthened by Cromwell, but, whatever was done then was 
abandoned by order of the two Houses in 1647. 

It is worth while to trace the probable original extent of 
the Castle. As you stand on the mound and look towards the 
north-east you see the line of fosse and rampart extending in 
a north-westerly direction. On the south, beyond the road 
leading to Chesterton, is the terrace in Magdalene College 
grounds (mentioned above p. 69), which marks the southern 
limit. Return to Castle Street and walk up it to the road 
turning left opposite The Wheatsheaf inn. The garden at 
the corner, occupied by Mr Hall, florist, was probably the 
site of the Church of All Saints by the Castle. Turn to the 
left, and you will see that along Pleasant Row, Mount Pleasant, 
and Honey Hill, the ground has evidently been scarped arti- 
ficially. These rows of houses mark the south-west limit of 
the Castle. The southern border is indicated roughly by 
Northampton Street and Chesterton Lane, to the right of 
which is the terrace in Magdalene College garden, previously 
noted from above. All these escarpments are probably 



74 The Observatory 

Norman, but they may have been strengthened in parts 
by Cromwell. The one certain fact about them is that 
they are not Roman. 

Turn to the right, and you will presently see on the left a 
door marked Merton Hail. Here is the ancient building 
ridiculously named School of Pythagoras. It dates from 
the latter part of the twelfth century, and was probably the 
country house of a Norman gentleman. The original house 
consisted of a single range of building in two floors, the 
lower vaulted and used as cellars and offices, the upper being 
presumably the hall and chambers. 

At the corner of the road leading to Madingley stands the 
"Westminster Theological College of the Presbyterian Church 
of England," intended for postgraduate study of theology. 

From this point it will be convenient to turn to the right 
along the Madingley Eoad in order to visit 

The Observatory, 

distant about three-quarters of a mile, on the right of the 
road. It was completed in 1824. 

The principal instrument in the interior of the main building is the 
Transit Circle, mounted in 1870 during the directorship of Professor 
Adams. The object-glass, 8 inches aperture and 9 feet focal length, is by 
Cooke and Sons, the rest of the work by Troughton and Simms. The ob- 
servations from which the catalogue of stars in the zone lying between 25° 
and 30° North Declination was prepared were made with this instrument. 
The work was undertaken by the Cambridge Observatory in conformity 
with the plan formed by the Astronomische Gesellschaft. 

In the grounds south-west of the main building is the Nokthumberland 
Equatoeial, given by the Duke of Northumberland, then High Steward of 
the University, in 1835. The object-glass, by M. Cauchoix, is 11| inches 
effective aperture, with a focal length of 19^ feet. The mounting is of 
the English pattern, which enables the observer to follow the star from 
rising to setting, without any interruption at the meridian. This 
mounting was superintended by Geo. Biddell Airy, M.A., then Plumian 
Professor, who subsequently set up similar instruments at Greenwich 
and Liverpool. 

Close to the Northumberland building is the Newall Dome, containing 
the telescope given by the late Mr E. S. Newall, of Gateshead. The gift 
was accepted by the Senate 22 May, 1890, and the building was erected 
in 1891. The telescope is mounted equatorially in the German fashion 
after the design of Cooke. When first constructed it was the largest 
refractor in existence. The object-glass is 25 inches in diameter and 
29 feet focal length. 

In an adjoining building a telescope specially adapted to photographic 



The Observatory 75 

work and known as the Sheepsbanks instrument was erected in 1899. 
The object-glass, consisting of 3 lenses, 12^ inches aperture and 19^ feet 
in focal length, by Cooke and Sons, is achromatised as well for the 
photographic as for the visual rays. The mounting is of new design, 
and has been made by Sir Howard Grubb. The tube is not straight, 
but consists of two parts connected by an elbow joint, at which a plane 
mirror is placed to reflect the light from the object-glass to the ej'e-piece. 
The eye-piece end of the tube points downwards in a direction constantly 
parallel to the Earth's axis, and is made the polar axis, about which the 
whole instrument revolves as an equatorial by an electrically controlled 
driving clock. The other part of the tube carries the object-glass, and 
can be inclined at any angle to the polar axis. The observer can thus 
see any celestial object through the instrument without changing his 
position. 

From the corner of the Madingley Road walk along the road 
commonly referred to as "the backs of the colleges." The 
whole ground on this part of the left bank of the river Cam 
was anciently a common called Carmefield or West Field. 
The greater part of it has been absorbed by the different 
colleges. You come first to the gate leading into the walks of 
S. John's College, with two handsome stone piers surmounted 
by eagles ; then, skirting the " Wilderness " of the same College, 
to the open space at the end of Trinity College Avenue. 
Next is Garret Hostel Lane, which crosses the river by an 
iron bridge, and separates Trinity College from Trinity Hall. 
Beyond this lane you enter the open space called Clare Hall 
Piece, on the east side of which is the gate leading to the 
avenue of Clare Hall. Next is the corresponding entrance to 
King's College, beyond which, along the side of the stream 
separating the College from the Common beyond, is a row of 
elms planted in 1685, and called Erasmus's Walk. From this 
point you can either cross the Common behind Queens' College, 
and so over the Small Bridge and along Silver Street to 
Trumpington Street ; or through the grounds of King's College 
to King's Parade, and Great S. Mary's Church, whence we 
started. 

It would be convenient, while at this end of Cambridge, to 
visit (distant about 2 miles along the Huntingdon Koad) 

GiiiTON College. 

Opened 16 October, 1869, in a hired house at Hitchin, and moved to 
Girtoii, 1873. It is designed to hold, in relation to girls' schools and 
home- teaching, a position analogous to that occupied by the Universities 
towards Public Schools for boys. Students of the College are admitted 



n 



Girton College 



to the University Tripos Examinations on fulfilling the prescribed con- 
ditions in regard to residence and preliminary examinations. The charge 
for board, lodging, and instruction is £35 per term, paid in advance. 
This sum — £105 a year — covers the whole of the University and College 
charges. 

The first portion of the existing buildings was occupied in 
October, 1873. Since that date additions have been made 
from time to time to meet the wants of an increasing number 
of students. The buildings (designed by Mr Waterhouse) now 
contain rooms for the Mistress, Vice-Mistress, Resident Lectu- 




GIRTON COLLEGE. 



rers, Librarian, Junior Bursar, and 150 students, with Lecture- 
Rooms, Library, Chapel, Reading Room, Hall, Chemical 
Laboratory, Swimming-bath, and other accommodation. 
In the dining hall are portraits of Miss Emily Davies (by 
Lehmann) and Madame Bodichon (by Miss E. Osborne), two 
of the founders of the College, and a copy of Richmond's 
portrait of the Dowager Lady Stanley of Alderley, one of its 
earliest benefactors. In the Library are copies of the works of 
Tennyson and Ruskin, presented by the authors, with their 
autographs, and a portfolio of original water-colour drawings 
by Kate Greenaway, presented by Ruskin. Mrs Somerville's 



The Market-Place 77 

mathematical library was presented by her daughters : and the 
gold medal given in 1828 to Miss Caroline Herschel by the 
London Astronomical Society was a gift from her great niece, 
Lady Hamilton Gordon. 

The College grounds consist of 33 acres, and the buildings 
face the old Roman road, the Via Devana. In 1882 excava- 
tions made with a view to draining the future lawn (now tennis 
courts) revealed traces of Roman and Anglo-Saxon burying 
grounds, a large number of urns and other remains being found, 
some of which may be seen in the College. Further 
discoveries were made in 1886, and in 1900 a skeleton and 
some cinerary urns were found under the front drive. The 
skull has been lent to the Anatomical Museum of the University. 

Visitors are admitted on application to the Portress. 



SECOND WALK. 

"We will suppose the visitor to start as before from Great 
S. Mary's Church, and, standing with his back to the Chancel 
of the church, to survey 

The Market-Place. 

The old Market-place (see plan, dated 1592) was very 
unlike the modern one. It was an L-shaped area ; the long 
arm of which was bounded by the east side of the present 
market (that facing you). This arm, lettered Market-Hill 
on the plan, was not more than 25 feet wide at its narrowest 
part. Its west side was formed by a block of houses, beyond 
which again was a narrow lane called Smith's Row, and a 
number of small houses and shops, along the edge of Great 
S. Mary's Churchyard, some of which abutted on the chancel. 
The shorter arm of the L, lettered Market warde on the 
plan, had the Market Cross at the west end, and the Conduit, 
built 1614, at the east end. This market, though small, was 
well arranged, and different portions were regularly allotted 
to different wares. Corn was sold at the north end, near the 
modern Market Street, formerly Shoemaker Row or Cordwainer 
Street ; next to this came poultry and butter (in the form of 
long narrow strips sold at so much per yard) ; and meat at 



78 



The MarTcet-Place 



the soutli end. The garden-market was between the Conduit 
and the cross ; and the milk-market between the cross and 




THE MARKET-PLACE: from Ilamond's plan of Cambridge, 1592.-. 

S. Mary's Passage. In medieval times, before Hamond's 
plan was drawn, the ground on which the Shire-Hall (now 
part of the Guildhall) stands, was not built over, but occupied 
partly by shambles, partly by open stalls. Lastly, there was 
a second market-place, much smaller and less important, to 
the south-west of the former, called Pease Market, or latterly 
Pease Hill. Fish was sold there in ancient times, as now. 

In 1849 an accidental fire destroyed eight houses between 
Great S. Mary's Church and Market Hill. Thereupon the 
Corporation obtained an Act authorising them to acquire all 
the property between the west side of the market and the 
church. The present arrangement was completed in 1855 ; 
when the new Conduit was built. 

At the north end of the Market-place {left) is Eose 
Crescent. The houses on each side of the entrance to it 
mark the site of The Rose and Crown Inn. At the opposite 
end of the Market-place is the Shire-Hall, built 1747, and 
made over to the Town 1842, when the new Shire-Hall was 
built at Castle End (p. 71). It is now part of 



Church of S, Edward 



79 




SEAL OF THE TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE. 



The Guildhall. 

This building has always occupied the site, or part of the 

site, on which it now 

stands ; but it must be 

remembered that up to 

1747 the ground in front 

of it was open, or nearly 

so, as explained above. 

The wing of the Guildhall 

immediately behind the 

Shire-Hall, with a frontage 

to the passage still called 

Butter Kow, was built by 

Essex, 1782, to replace an 

older building dated 1386. 

The new Guildhall was 

begun 1859, when the 

large Assembly Room was 

built. The wing in Guildhall Street was added 1895 after a 

design by W. M. Fawcett, M.A., architect. 

Walk down Guildhall Street (left as you face the Town 
Hall) and you will presently see (left, at the corner of 
what used to be called Slaughter House Lane) the Corn 
Exchange, built 1875. Opposite to this is the Free Library, 
under the Guildhall, occupied 1862. The entrance from this 
street, a stone porch in a classical style, is dated 1885. The 
Library, originally opened in Jesus Lane, in June 1853, is 
admirably managed, and contains, with the Branch Library in 
Mill Road, about 49,000 volumes. 

A few steps further bring you to Pease Hill before 
mentioned. On the left, where Mortlock's Bank now stands, 
was the Gate-House of the Augustinian Friary, pulled down 
1720. Cross the Hill to the 

Church or S. Edward, 

rebuilt at the end of the 14th century, with the exception of the 
tower, of which the lower part at least is Early English. 

In or shortly after 1445, when King Henry the Sixth pulled 
down the Church of S. John Baptist or S. John Zachary 
(which stood where the west end of King's College Chapel 



80 Petty Cury 

now is), Trinity Hall and Clare Hall (whose members had 
used the church) added a north and south aisle respectively to 
the quire of this church. The present arrangement of the 
church is due partly to the exertions of the Eev. Harvey 
Goodwin, M.A. (Vicar 1848-59) ; partly to those of some of 
his friends, who, when he was made Dean of Ely 1859, deter- 
mined to put in a new east window and reredos as a mark of 
their respect for him. This work was executed by Mr G. G. 
Scott. To the same period may be referred the open seats, 
the restored roof, and the west window and doorway. The 
architect of these was Mr J. R. Brandon. The vestry and 
organ-chamber were added 1865. Note the font, presented 
by the Cambridge Camden Society, 1842. 

This church is memorable for the sermons preached in it 
by the Reformers Bilney, Barnes, and Latimer. The latter 
preached here his two celebrated Card Sermons (19 December, 
1529) in which he told his hearers allegorically what trumps 
would win salvation. Fre. Denison Maurice was vicar for 
about a year, (1871-his death in 1872). 

Leaving S. Edward's Church pass down S. Edward's Passage 
to the Market-place. At the corner of the passage and the 
Market-place stood the Three Tuns Inn, noted in the diary of 
Pepys for its good liquor. The house is now a grocer's shop. 

Pass along the south side of the Market-place and thence 
along the street with the strange name of Petty Cury. In 
the reign of Edward III. it was called Petite-curye, or in 
Latin Parva Cokeria, that is. Little Cookery ; — a designation 
probably derived from its numerous hostels and cookshops. 
Of the former we have (I'ight) the Bed Lion Hotel, which 
still preserves its primitive plan ; and beyond it considerable 
remains of The Falcon Inn. The street-front has been 
rebuilt in red brick, and is occupied by Mr Pryor, fishmonger; 
but in the yard the old arrangement of the south and west 
sides is still unaltered. Our illustration shews them, and 
also the north and east sides before their destruction. 

Farther on, on the same side of the street, was The 
Wrestlers Inn, recently destroyed. The street-front, with 
its numerous windows, gables, and carvings, was a splendid 
example of medieval house-architecture. 

We next come to the new Post Office, built 1885. Here 
stood Barnwell Gate, one of the two gates of medieval 



Petty Cury 



81 



Cambridge, and here also must have been a bridge over the 
King's Ditch, made by King John in 1215, and strengthened 




THE FALCON YARD. 



by King Henry III. in 1267. In tliis part of Cambridge 
the ditch ran between the Post Office and S. Andrew's 



c. 



82 



Christ's College 



Churcli, and down Hobson Street. The Church of S. 
Andrew the Great {right when you have turned into 
S. Andrew's Street) was built 1842, to replace an ancient 
building, of which no fragment was preserved. 

The modern church contains nothing of interest except a tablet 
(against wall left of altar) to commemorate Captain Ja. Cook, d. 1779, 
his wife, and six of their children. His sons Hugh, pensioner of Christ's 
College (d. 1793), and James (d. 1794), are buried in the central aisle 
(note the tablet over their grave), with their mother, who survived her 
husband 56 years (d. 13 May, 1835). 

Cross the street to 

Christ's College, 

founded by the Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Eichmond, mother 
of King Henry the Seventh, 1505. God's House, 
founded by Wm. Bingham, 1436, on part of site 
of King's College, and removed hither 1446, was 
absorbed in this foundation. 



The buildings which surround the first 
Court were begun by the Foundress herself, 
and must have been nearly completed be- 
fore her death in 1509. Note first the 
gate of entrance, which bears a close re- 
semblance to that of S. John's College. 
It has four flanking-turrets, but they are 
small in proportion to the size of the gate, and none contain 
staircases. The mass of the gate is divided into two floors ; 
but, unlike that of S. John's College, the upper floor has no 
external windows on the side next the street. The centre of 
the whole composition is occupied by a tabernacle, doubtless 
intended to receive a statue of the Foundress, which 
was given a few years since by S. Sandars, M.A. On each 
side of this is one of the windows, now blocked, which once 
lighted the first-floor; on the second-floor there are panels 
containing respectively a rose and a portcullis, both crowned. 

As at S. John's College the rising stem of the hood-mold of the arch 
has a shield affixed to it bearing the arms of France and England 
quarterly, crowned, and supported by the antelopes of Beaufort. In 
addition to these arms an eagle collared, the crest of Beaufort, rises out 
of the crown, and the string-course, which crosses the gate_ and the 
flanking turrets at the same level, is carried up square above it, so that 
it is set in a sort of panel. On each side of it are three ostrich feathers, 
rising out of a band or coronet, and below them three others, not 




ARMS OF 
CHRIST'S COLLEGE. 



Christ's College 83 

fastened together. These were badges of John Beaufort, Duke of 
Somerset, father of the Foundress. The rest of the spandrel-space 
contains other badges peculiar to the Foundress and her son : the 
portcullis; the rose en soleil, crowned; and the daisy. Daisies are also 
represented as growing out of the ground on which these badges are set 
in relief. In the centre of the irregular triangle formed by the arch and 
the side-branches of the hood-mold is a portcullis ; and the corbel-heads 
are carved in a dragon and a greyhound respectively. 

Unfortunately the walls were originally built of clunch in 
courses, alternating with red brick ; and from the perishable 
nature of that material they had acquired, by the end of the 
seventeenth century, so repulsive an appearance that persons 
are said to have been deterred from entering students at the 
college. Repair was therefore unavoidable, and in the course 
of the eighteenth century the street-facade, and the whole of 
the interior of the court, were ashlared in the classical style 
then in fashion. 

On entering the court note that the Chapel is on the 
north side (left) ; the Master's Lodge (next to the chapel), 
and the Hall are on the east side; and the Buttery, with 
the Combination Room over it, is in the S.E. corner. The 
Kitchen stands outside the quadrangle, between the Hall and 
Christ's Lane. The south side, the west side, and part 
of the north side, are occupied by chambers. 

The Library, entered near the S.W. corner, has lately 
been absorbed in a new room 81 ft. long, extending to Christ's 
Lane (G. F. Bodley, R. A., architect) ; and some of the windows 
in the court, and all in the fagade as far as the gate, have 
been restored from Loggan's print (1690). 

Enter the Ante-Chapel, and note that it was always, as 
now, a low room with a chamber over it approached by a 
turret-stair at the N.W. corner. This chamber was possibly 
intended for the sacrist. The four columns which support 
the floor were put up in 1661. 

The internal fittings of the Chapel were put up 1701 — 2 ; 
but it w^as re-decorated in 1898 under the direction of G. F. 
Bodley, R.A., architect. Note the oriel in the south wall 
opening into a room in the Master's lodge called "The 
Prayer Room." This oriel, and the room, were restored 
by the present Master in 1899. 

The line fragments of stained glass in the windows on the 
north side Avere brought from God's House in 1510. The 

6—2 



84 



Christ's College 



glass in the east window was given in 1847 by Miss Burney 
in memory of her brother Eichard Burney, M.A., d. 1845. 
It was executed by Messrs Okitterbuck of London in 
imitation of old Flemish glass. The glass in the windows 
on the south side commemorates W. M. Gunson, M.A., 
Fellow, d. 1881. 

Note the monument to the memory of Sir John Finch and 
Sir Tho. Baines by Joseph Catterns, finished 1684. Baines 
d. 5 September, 1680; Finch d. 18 November, 1682. The 
epitaph was written by Henry More, Fellow and Tutor. 
Within the altar-rails is a brass commemorating Edward 
Hawford, D.D. (Master 1559—81). Note the fine original 
brass lectern. 




CHRIST'S COLLEGE: New Library. 

The three rooms on the first-floor of the Mastei^'s Lodge 
looking into the court were reserved for the use of the 



Chris fs College 85 

Foundress. The rich carving on tlie lower part of the oriel 
of her chamber is the only portion of the old work in the 
court that was suffered to remain. She may have stood 
at this very window when, as Fuller tells us, she 

"saw the dean call a faulty scholar to correction; to whom she said 
'Le}ite, leiite,' Gently, gently, as accounting it better to mitigate his 
punishment than procure his pardon: mercy and justice making the 
best medley to offenders." 

In the west wall, opposite to the oriel, a stone fireplace 
was discovered in 1887, charged with the badges of the 
Foundress, and evidently of her time. 

The Hall was entirely rebuilt by G. G. Scott, M.A., 1876. 
The walls were raised 6 feet, but the roof and most of the old 
materials were used again. A new oriel was built on the 
east side. Note the two windows looking into the Hall 
from the Foundress's chamber ; and the screen, of wliicli 
the parts that are original can easily be recognised. 
Among the portraits note tlie following : 
On the dais, above : The Foundress. 

,, left : William Paley, d. 1805: Romney (copy). 

„ centre : John Milton, d. 1674. 

,', right : Cha. Darwin, d. 1882 : Ouless. 

John Peile, Litt.D., Master : Reid. 

The west oriel is filled witli stained glass representing 
the benefactors and distinguished members of the College, 
in commemoration of Wm. Mandel Gunson, M.A., formerl}'^ 
Fellow and Tutor, d. 1881. 

Pass through the Screens into the Second Court. The 
range of chambers to the right was built 1823, and need 
not detain you ; but the building facing you is of great 
beauty and interest. It was built between 1640 and 1642. 
It is 150 feet long, containing chambers only, iu three floors, 
with a garret-storey in the roof. There are four sets of 
chambers on each floor. It presents a facade of masonry on 
both sides, the design of which is traditionally attributed to 
Inigo Jones. It is scarcely in his style, but nevertheless is 
manifestly the work of a great architect within and without. 

Beyond this building is another, similar in style, erected 
1888—89, from the design of Mr J. J. Stevenson, architect. 
It forms part of a Third Court. 

The garden is entered through an iron gate in the centre 
of the building of 1642. It is one of the most beautiful 



86 



Christ's College 



and least altered of the college-gardens. Note the bath and 
summerhouse, and the mulberry-tree which tradition associates 




GARDEN OF CHRIST'S COLLEGE: the building of 1642 in the distance. 

with the poet Milton, admitted a pensioner of this college 
12 February, 1625. More probably the tree is the last 
survivor of a large number bought in 1609, when King James I. 
was doing his best to introduce the culture of the mulberry 
into this country. 



Church of the Hohj Trinity 87 

At the end of the street absurdly called Hobson Street, 
after the famous carrier, who had no connexion whatever with 
this part of Cambridge, you can visit {right) the Wesleyan 
Chapel, built on this site 1846. It is, however, the lineal 
descendant of the first Wesleyan chapel built in Cambridge. 

On leaving Christ's College turn to the riglit, past Messrs 
Fosters' new bank, built 1893. At the corner of Sidney Street 
and Market Street is the 

Church of the Holy Trinity, 

originally a small building of late thirteenth century work. 
The tower-piers are of this period ; and the chancel, destroyed 
1834, was probably, to judge from engravings, not much later. 
Note the excellent proportions of the three sharply pointed 
arches under the tower. The internal buttresses were added 
about 1500. 

The nave and aisles were rebuilt late in the fourteenth 
century. The new nave is probably a good deal wider than 
the old one. Both the arcades, and the wall of the north 
aisle, still remain. Note the traces of one of the dedication- 
crosses on this wall between the windows. In this aisle, close 
to the door, is the tomb of Sir Rob. Tabor (buried 1 7 November, 
1681). The south aisle was widened about 1520. 

The transepts, now the most striking feature in the church, 
were added about 1550 ; the north porch and the nave 
clerestory are of the same period. The south transept was 
originally a very rich piece of work, decorated in various parts 
with a cresting of leaves very delicately carved. It appears 
to have contained the altar of S. Erasmus. 

The chancel was rebuilt in brick, 1834, and faced with 
stone, 1885. The windows were altered at the latter date. 

Note {right) tablets commemorating Eev. Cha. Simeon, M.A., 54 years 
Vicar, d. 1836; Eev. Hen. Martyn, B.D., d. 1812; Eev. Tho. Truebody 
Thomason, M.A., d. 1829; Eev. Claudius Buchanan, D.D., d. 1815; 
Eev. Dan. Corrie, D.D., d. 1837; all, as the tablet to the latter two 
records, "sent out as Chaplains in the Hon. East India Company's 
service through the influence of the Eev, Cha. Simeon"; Eev. Tho. 
Eav^^son Birks, vicar 1866-77, d. 1877: left, Eev. Wm. Carus, vicar 
1836-1851, d. 1891; Eev. Cha. Clayton, vicar 1851-65, d. 1883. 

On the west side of the churchyard, with a gable to 
Market Street, is the Henry Martyn Hall, opened in October, 



88 



Sidney Sussex College 




1887, to serve as tlie headquarters of the University Church 
Missionary Society, for prayer meetings, and for such other 
purposes as the trustees might approve. Note Inscription, by 
llev. C. J. Vaughan, D.D., on east gable. 
Turn left along Sidney Street to 

Sidney Sussex College, 

founded 1589 by a bequest of the Lady Frances Sidney Sussex. 

This College, the second of those established after the Refor- 
mation on sites belonging to suppressed 
Religious Houses (Emmanuel College being 
the first), occupies the site of the house of 
the Franciscan Friars. When they had 
surrendered their house to King Henry 
the Eighth, in 1538, great efforts were 
made by the University to obtain pos- 
session of it. It is described as "not 
only a grace and ornament to the Univer- 
sity, but presents great conveniences for 
holding congregations and transacting all 
kinds of University business." These 
efforts were unsuccessful, and the house was given to Trinity 
College in 1546. Before that time, however, it had been 
practically destroyed, having been for some months used by 
that college as a quarry. One building only escaped, con- 
jectured to have been the Refectory (see below). 

The buildings of the College were designed by Ralph 
Symons (see p. 56), begun 1596, and completed 1598. They 
were disposed round the three sides of the northernmost of 
the two existing courts ; the fourth side being enclosed by a 
wall only, with a gatehouse in the centre. This arrangement 
was obviously suggested by the quadrangle designed by 
Dr Caius (see above p. 29) for his own college. The north 
and south sides contain chambers in three floors : the Hall 
is at the north end of the east range, and the Buttery and 
Kitchen at the south end, with the Master's Lodge above 
them. These buildings were of a rich red brick with stone 
dressings ; picturesque gables and chimneys relieved the plain- 
ness of the style employed. 

The building mentioned above as the Refectory of the 



ARMS OF SIDNEY 
SUSSEX COLLEGE. 



Sklneii Sussex College 



89 



Franciscans was fitted up as a chapel m 1602 It occupied 
the site of the east side of the second court .fhe ninge 
which forms the south side of this court was buiit 1628. 




SIDNE 



Y SUSSEX COLLEGE: South-east corner of New Court. 



The College received its present appearance in 1831-32 



90 Sidney Sussex College 

at the hands of Jeffrey "Wyatt, afterwards created Sir Jeffrey 
Wyattville by George IV. 

A passage in the centre of the north range of the principal 
court leads to the new building, erected 1890, from the design 
of Mr J. L. Pearson, architect. Our illustration shews the 
S.E. corner, where it abuts upon the older part of the College. 

In the Hall note the portrait of the Foundress (at the 
north end, over the centre of the high table), and especially 
(left) that of Oliver Cromwell, who was entered as a fellow- 
commoner here 23 April, 1616. 

The true history of this famous portrait is as follows : 

In 1766 the Master of the CoUege, Dr Wm. Elliston, received an 
anonymous letter dated "London, 15 January," mforming him that 
"An Englishman, An Assertor of Liberty, Citizen of the World, is 
desirous of having the honour to present an original Portrait in Crayons 
of the Head of 0. Cromwell, Protector, drawn by Cooper, to Sydney Sussex 
College, in Cambridge." The writer requested that on the arrival of the 
picture "the favour of a line may be written to Pierce Delver, at Mr 
Shove's, Bookbinder, in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London." The 
portrait arrived, and the letter of acknowledgement was written, but the 
donor did not make himself known ; and it was not until 1780 that the 
identity of "Pierce Delver" with Thomas Hollis, an ardent republican, 
was discovered. Mr Geo. Scharf thinks it not improbable that Mr Hollis 
may have been mistaken in believing that this portrait is by Samuel 
Cooper, and that it may be by Sir Peter Lely. He bases this conjecture 
partly on the style, partly on a passage in Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, 
in which the author records that Cromwell sat to Lely, and while sitting, 
said, ' ' Mr Lely, I desire you would use all your skill to paint my picture 
truly like me, and not flatter me at all ; but remark all these roughnesses, 
pimples, warts, and everything as you see me, otherwise I never will pay 
a farthing for it." 

Turn right on leaving Sidney Sussex College. Opposite 
to the end of Jesus Lane is the east front of Whewell's 
Courts, already described under Trinity College (p. 33). 

Go down Jesus Lane. On your right is the ancient wall 
of the Franciscans, now the boundary of the garden of Sidney 
Sussex College. You pass left the University Pitt Club, a 
building with a classical facade (the Club was founded 1837), 
and, at the corner of Park Street (first turning left), the 
meeting-house of The Society of Friends. 

Behind this building, entered from Park Street, is the 
University Amateur Dramatic Club, better known as the 
A.D.C., founded in 1855 by F. C. Burnand, now editor of 
Punch, then an undergraduate of Trinity College. The build- 



Jes^is College 91 

ing contains a club-room and a small theatre, wliere per- 
formances are given twice a year, usually in the Michaelmas 
and Easter Terms. The King's Ditch, noticed above (p. 81) as 
crossing S. Andrew's Street nearly opposite Cln-ist's College, 
after crossing the garden of Sidney Sussex College, passed 
down Park Street, until recently called Garlic Fair Lane, from 
a Fair granted to the Nuns of S. Radegund by King Stephen. 
Thence it fell into the river opposite the Pepysian Library of 
Magdalene College (p. 67). Further down the street you 
come (left) to 

Jesus College, 

founded 1497, by JoLn Alcock, Bishop of Ely, on the suppression of the 
nunnery of S. Kadegund. 

This College, like Sidney Sussex College, was established 
on the site of a previously existing founda- 
tion. There, however, as we have seen 
(p. 88), the buildings of the Franciscans 
had been almost entirely destroyed before 
the foundation of the College, and their 
arrangement did not affect that of the 
collegiate buildings. Jesus College, on the 
contrary, took possession of a Benedictine 
nunnery, suppressed a century earlier by 
the Bishop of the diocese on account of the 
misconduct of its inmates, when the build- '^^^^ '^^ 

1 • n .1 1 111 o JESUS COLLEGE. 

mgs, and especially the church, had sui- 
fered from nothing worse than neglect. In consequence the 
plan of Jesus College is quite ditterent from that of any other 
College in either University. It is monastic, not collegiate. In 
order to make this clear we will first describe the original arrange- 
ment (see Plan); and next the changes introduced by Alcock. 

A Benedictine sisterhood, governed by a Prioress, and called the 
Priory of S. Eadegund because established close to the parish-church of 
that saint, came to Cambridge early in the 12th century. Part of the 
buildings that still exist, must, from their style, have been begun soon 
after that date. During the 13th and 14th centuries the community was 
evidently opulent and well-managed, for the buildings erected during 
that period are first-rate specimens of architecture. 

The whole House was at some distance from the high road ; and the 
cloister with its surrounding buildings was on the north side of the 
church. This arrangement was probably adopted in order to prevent 
annoyance from the traffic along the road, and from parishioners who 





PLAN OF THE PRIORY OF S. RADEGUND 
Measured and drawn by T. D. Atkinson, architect. 



Jestis College 93 

had a right to use part of the conventual church. The west door 
would be approached by a roadway on the line of the present high-walled 
path (popularly known as The Chiviney)^ which would also lead to the 
gate of the outer court of the monastery, on the site, most probably, of 
the existing gate of the college. From this Outer Court a passage led 
into the cloister. 

The Church was cruciform in plan, with a central tower. It consisted 
of an eastern arm or presbytery of three bays with aisles of two bays, 
north and south transepts, and a nave with aisles of seven bays. The 
north transept had an aisle on the east side only, and probably there 
was originally a similar aisle on the east side of the south transept. 
The south aisle of the presbytery (c) appears to have been widened in the 
fourteenth century, for a large arch of that period occupies the whole of 
the east side of the south transept. The stalls doubtless extended into 
the nave, perhaps as far as the present west wall {g) which may represent 
the division between the church of the nuns and the church of the parish. 
On the north side of the presbytery there was a building which formed, 
externally, a continuation of the aisle. It was entered from the 
presbytery by a door {h) now blocked. It was in two floors, for there is 
a loop-hole or squint high up in the chancel-wall (a) evidently cut in 
such a direction that the light before the High Altar could be seen from 
the upper floor. This building may have served the double purpose of a 
sacristy and a sacrist's chamber. 

A door in the north aisle of the nave (/) led into the cloister. A 
second door (c), now blocked, led out of the north transept either into a 
passage, or, more probably, a vestry. Beyond this passage or vestry 
were the stairs (r) leading to the Dormitory; and beyond these again 
the Chapter-house. The west end of this building is occupied by three 
arches (see woodcut), the middle one forming a doorway, and those at 
the sides containing each a window of two lights with a quatrefoil above. 
There appears to have been no means of closing the door, nor had the 
windows glass or shutters. The style of the work shews that it was 
built about 1210. This beautiful relic was discovered in 1893; and 
subsequent researches have revealed the eastward extent of the room. 

Beyond the Chapter-House part of an arch may be seen behind a 
modern window {q). Here was probably the passage to the cemetery. 
The room next to it (jj) may have been the Warming Eoom {Gale- 
factorium), where the inmates might warm themselves at stated hours 
at the only lire allowed in the whole House. 

From this angle of the cloister a passage (o) continued by a pentise 
(n) led to the Kitchen Court. The Kefectory of the nuns is obviously 
represented by the existing Hall; and an additional proof of its monastic 
character is afforded by the fact that it is raised on a range of cellars, a 
feature universal in monasteries, but rare in colleges. Moreover, the 
usual arrangement of screens is absent, the kitchen and butteries being 
on a lower level. There was a spiral service-stair (l) at the north-west 
corner. The Kitchen of the College is doubtless that of the nuns. The 
room next to it (/c), now the kitchen-office, was their buttery, next to 
which again was the cook's chamber, a narrow room, now used for the 
passage from the outer court to the cloister. In the north wall of this 
room or passage is an acutely arched opening {h), once evidently closeil 



94 



Jesus College 



by a shutter, one of the hinges of which remains. This opening perhaps 
contained a **Turn" or "Kota," a contrivance for obtaining food without 
the giver or the receiver seeing each other. 

1 




PRIORY OF S. RADEGUMD: Door of Chapter- House. 

Next to the Cook's Chamber may be placed the Parlour, where the 
nuns were allowed to see their friends, and next to that again some of 
the offices connected with the business of the house. Between the 
passage from the outer court to the cloister and the church was the 
lodging of the Prioress, now part of the Master's Lodge. 

Begin your examination of Jesus College by noting the 
tower-gateway, of unique design. The range out of which it 



Jesus College 



95 



rises unfortunately received a third floor in 1718, by which 
the effect of the tower was much injured. Note Alcock's 
crest on the gate, and elsewhere, a cock standing on a globe. 






-— 














JESUS COLLEGE: Gate of Entrance. 



96 Jesus College 

From the entrance-court pass into the cloister, through a 
doorway of Alcock's- time, though not where he placed it. In 
going through the passage notice (left) the lancet-window 
described above. 

Before proceeding further take a view of what Alcock did. 
He proposed to found a College for a Master, six fellows, and 
a certain number of scholars ; for whose use the church of the 
nuns was far too large, while other buildings, as the Infirmary, 
were not required. He therefore pulled down the aisles of the 
quire and the nave, and cut off four bays at the west end of 
the latter. The pier-arches were walled up, and the windows 
replaced by others in the style then in fashion. The east 
range of the cloister he transformed entirely, walling up the 
arches of the chapter-house, and changing the dormitory of 
the nuns into ordinary chambers. The Hall, as mentioned 
above, is probably that of the nuns, but to a certain extent 
rebuilt by Alcock. The Hall of the nuns was thatched. The 
Combination Room, eastward of the Hall, is of later date. 
The Kitchen is practically that of the nuns. The west range 
was also altered and raised by Alcock, and a Library was 
built by him on the upper floor. The Cloister was made 
larger by the addition of the space occupied by the north aisle 
of the church, and its level raised by about two feet. The 
present cloister-arcades are modern. 

Enter tiie Chapel, which deserves careful study. The 
restoration, begun 1846, is in excellent taste. After the 
removal of ceilings, partitions, etc. in the course of which 
the original extent of the nuns' church was discovered, the 
north aisle of the quire and the organ-chamber were rebuilt ; 
the roof of the quire was raised to its original level ; the Early 
English triplet at the east end was restored from fragments 
found built into the wall ; and new woodwork was constructed 
in accordance with the style of some fragments still remaining. 
The lectern, altar furniture, and organ were given at the same 
time. The windows were filled with glass, mostly designed by 
Pugin and executed by Hardman, except the one in the organ- 
chamber, which was executed by Gerente of Paris. 

Note the north transept, the earliest portion of the church, 
with a noble triplet of Norman windows in the north wall, and 
in the east wall a gallery, approached by a spiral stair (d), 
having towards the transept an arcade of five round-headed 



Jesus College 97 

arches, and three similar windows in the outer wall. This is 
evidently an original clerestory ; and the roof of the chapels, 
into which the two low pointed pier-arches beneath it opened, 
must have been at first so low as to join the wall below the 
cills of these windows. These arches were filled with heavy 
tracery 1846-47, to strengthen the wall. An organ-chamber 
and vestry were then built on the old foundations. Note also 
the pier-arches of the tower, and the roof -storey gallery above 
them. The upper part of the tower was obviously added 
by Alcock. 

The ante-chapel is now fitted with seats and desks, the 
space eastward of the screen being insufficient for the increased 
numbers of the College. Note the stall-work of Alcock's 
period, recovered from the church of Landbeach, to which 
it had been removed 1792. The windows in the transepts and 
nave were glazed by Morris Faulkner and Co. after the designs 
of Mr Madox Brown and Mr Burne Jones, 1873-77. 

The subjects are the following, counted from left to right, 
beginning with the north-east window in the south transept : 

I. 

1. Persian Sibyl; Annunciation of the Virgin. 

2. S. Matthew ; Nativity of Christ. 

3. Cumeau Sibyl ; Adoration of the Magi. 

II. 

1. Delphic Sibyl; Agony in the Garden. 

2. S. Luke; Flagellation of Christ. 

3. Cimmerian Sibyl; Christ bearing His Cross. 

III. (Window in South Wall.) 

Row I. Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones, Powers, Dominations. 
Roiv II. Princedoms, Virtues, Archangels, Angels, The Almighty. 
Bow III. SS. Ursula, Dorothy, Eadegund, Cecilia, Catherine. 
Row IV. SS. Jerome, Gregory; Bishop Alcock; SS. Ambrose, 
Augustine. 

IV. 

1. Phrygian Sibyl ; Christ recognised by Mary Magdalene. 

2. S. Mark; Incredulity of S. Thomas. 

3. Libyan Sibyl; Supper at Emmaus. 

V. 

1. Erythrean Sibyl ; Vision of S. Stephen. 

2. S. John; Adoration of the Lamb. 

3. Sibyl of Tibur; Descent of Holy Spirit. 

C. 7 



98 Jesus College 

VI. ' (East Window, S. Wall of Nave.) 
1. Adam; the Fall. 2. Enoch; an Angel leading bim. 3. Noah; 
the Ark. 4. Abraham ; Sacrifice of Isaac. 

VII. 
1. Moses; burning Bush. 2. Samuel; Eli and Samuel in 
Temple. 3. David; cuts oS Goliath's Head. 4. Solomon; builds 
Temple. 

VIII. 

1. Isaiah; Destruction of Sennacherib. 2, Jeremiah; Punish- 
ment of Nebuchadnezzar. 3. Ezechiel; resurrection of dry bones. 

4. Daniel; Den of Lions. 

IX. (East Window, North Wall.) 
1. Temperance; Anger. 2. Justice; Wrong-doing. 3. Fortitude, 
Cowardice. 4. Prudence; Folly. 

X. (South Window, North Transept.) 
1. Hope. 2. Faith. 3. Charity. 

XI. 

1. Patience. 2. Obedience. 3. Docility. 

*^* The legends are usually from the Bible. The others are from 

5. Augustine's chapter on the Sibyls {Be Civitate Dei, Book xviii. 
Chap. 23). 

From the Chapel door turn right along the east walk of 
the cloister. A passage {right) leads to the Chapel Court. 
Hence you get a good view of the Chapel from the north-east, 
and of the range of buildings designed, with a Tutor's house, 
by Messrs Carpenter and Ingelow (1884). Returning to the 
Cloister note the arches of the Chapter-house (pp. 93, 94), and 
pass to the Hall, up a staircase (right) in the passage turning 
out of the north walk of the Cloister {right). 

In the Hall note the glass brought from the Library, 
representing Alcock's device, and below, a label containing 
a text expressive of the subject of the books on the adjoining 
shelves. 

Among the portraits note : 

Left. Laurence Sterne, d. 1768 : Alan Eamsay, 1740. 
In centre of dais .• Tobias Rustat, d. 1693 : Sir Peter Lely. 

The Library is entered from the vestibule of the Hall. 
It retains a venerable air of undisturbed antiquity. The 
bookcases, of oak, were put up 1663-79. They stand at ri^ht 
angles to the walls between the windows, probably in the 



The River 99 

same position as those presumably put up by Alcock. Note 
the stained glass in the windows on the east side, part of 
which, as noted above, has been moved to the Hall. It is 
still easy to make out that Physic, Civil Law, Canon Law, 
and Divinity, were represented. 

From the Hall pass into Pump Court or New Court, the 
range on the north side of which was designed by Waterhouse 
(1870). The range opposite to this, which forms the north side 
of the Outer Court, was rebuilt 1638-40. 

Opposite to the gate of Jesus College is the Church of 

All Saints, 
rebuilt on this site (1865) from the design of Mr Bodley. 

Note in the vestry a copy of Bullinger's Fiftie Godlie Sermons, 1587, 
still bearing the chain with which it was once attached to a desk for 
general reading. 

On leaving Jesus College, turn left along Jesus Lane 
until you reach an open space called Butt's Creen, part of 
Midsummer Common. Here is held Midsummer Fair (June 
22-25), of some celebrity a century since as Pot Fair, but now 
of little importance. From this point you can conveniently 
visit the Boat-houses, the part of the River used for Boat- 
racing, and the suburbs of Barnwell and Chesterton. These 
can be combined, or any one seen separately. If you wish to 
reach Emmanuel College as quickly as possible, go on as far as 
the Four Lamps, and then turn right, along Short Street, to 
Christ's Pieces, and thence along Emmanuel Street. 

The River. 

Follow Victoria Avenue across the Common to the New 
Bridge. Should you wish to hire a boat you have a choice 
of three boat-builders, namely Logan just above the Bridge, 
Pocock late Winter almost immediately below it, and Foster 
a little further down : to reach them you must cross the 
Bridge. If however you decide to proceed on foot, follow 
the towing-path along the right bank. Above the Bridge 
only one College club has a boat-house, namely, Christ's, 
which stands next to the Bridge. Below the Bridge, and 
between it and Pocock's, is the Lady Margaret (S. John's) 
boat-house, while further down is Caius College boat-house, 

7—2 



100 The River 

between Pocock's and Foster's boat-houses. Next below 
Foster's are the Trinity Hall, First Trinity, University or 
Goldie (named after the famous stroke of that name), and 
Jesus, boat-houses in the order named. On the latter boat- 
house the inscription 1875-1885 shews the number of suc- 
cessive years during which this College was head of the river. 
A little further down are five more boat-houses, namely, 
those of Clare, Pembroke, Emmanuel, Downing, and King's 
Colleges, the latter being just on the bend of the river known 
as Barnwell Pool. 

Follow the towing-path for another quarter of a mile, and 
you reach the edge of a Common known as Stourbridge 
Common. As the river skirts the Common, it makes a long 
bend to the right ; at the apex of this bend, where the Horse 
Ferry, commonly called " Big Horse-Grind," crosses from 
Chesterton Village to the Common, is the finishing post of the 
first seven boats in a Division of the Bumping Baces, and the 
winning post of the Light Fours. When the towing-path 
comes to an end, opposite the Pike and Eel Public-house, 
cross in the ferry, which is always plying, to the left bank. As 
you walk down the towing-path you will see in front of you the 
Bailway Bridge spanning the river. About half way between 
the bridge and the Pike and Eel the river bends slightly, and 
on the bend is the finishing-post for the last seven boats of the 
Division. As you pass below the Railway Bridge you will see 
that the river widens into a long straight reach, known as the 
Long Beach, near the top of which, just below the bridge, is 
the winning-post for the tJniversity Sculls and Clinker Fours. 
Walk to the bottom of the Long Beach. The river here 
bends in a long wide sweep to the left, the corner being 
known as Ditton Corner, from the village of Fen Ditton on the 
opposite bank. You now find yourself by a broad short reach 
of the river, called the Plough Beach. This reach ends in 
an almost right-angled corner, named Grassy Corner, the bend 
of which is in the opposite direction to that of Ditton. The 
river will here be seen to narrow into what is known as the 
Gut, but quickly bending to the left, round a third sharp 
corner — called First Post Corner — widens out into a long and 
fairly straight reach, called Post Beach. This can be followed 
along the towing-path as far as Baitsbite Lock. 

The races are rowed up stream. In the Eight-oared 



Church of S. Andrew the Less 101 

Bumping Races, the starting posts are 150ft. apart, 15 boats 
rowing in a division. The bottom boat starts a little above 
Baitsbite Lock, the head boat a short distance below First 
Post Corner. 

The starting-post for Fours, Sculls, etc. is at what is 
known as the Little Bridge, near the point where the trees 
which overhang the towing-path come to an end. The full 
University Course, i.e. from the Little Bridge to the Big 
Horse-Grind, is about If miles ; the Lock to Lock Course, i.e. 
the course between Jesus Lock and Baitsbite Lock, is about 
3 J miles. 

On your return cross Stourbridge Common by one of the 
numerous paths so as to reach a large red-brick house visible a 
long way off, in a road called Garlic Road. You are now on 
the ground where the once famous Stourbridge Fair used to 
be held. The house, still called the Oyster House or Tiled 
Booth, was in the palmy days of the fair a tavern, where the 
Vice-Chancellor and University officers dined at the opening 
of the fair, which began 18 September and ended 10 October ; 
now business is confined to a single day, Horse-Fair Day 
(25 September). 

On reaching the Newmarket Road, turn left, and crossing 
the railway bridge, visit Stourbridge Chapel, more correctly 
called 

Hospital of S. Mary Magdalen, 
in a field left of the road, founded for lepers in or about 1199. 
It is an extremely interesting little building, of good Norman 
work, with an east window in a more recent style. No 
remains of any other building have been found near it. 

Returning to Cambridge along the Newmarket Road you 
enter the suburb of Barnwell ; the origin of this suburb is 
probably due to the fair. At a distance of about three- 
quarters of a mile from Stourbridge Chapel you reach the 

Church of S. Andrew the Less, 

(The keys are kept at 61, Newmarket Eoad,) 
commonly called The Abbey Church. This it certainly was 
not. Its exact relation to the Priory is not known. It has 
been suggested that the Priory, like the nunnery of S. 
Radegund, was at first parochial as well as monastic, and that 



102 Barmvell Priory 

afterwards this building was provided by the monks for the 
use of the parish. The church is in the Early English style, 
and was evidently buiit early in the thirteenth century. It 
was restored 1854-56, and is now used regularly for service. 

At the corner of Abbey Eoad is a picturesque dwelling- 
house of the sixteenth century, called the Abbey House, built 
out of the ruins of the Priory by the lay impropriator. 

Turning right down Abbey Road, and again right behind 
the Abbey House, you come to the only portion left of 

Barnwell Priory, 

a house of Augustinian Canons founded near the Castle in 
1092, and removed to Barnwell in 1112. The house was well 
endowed, and the buildings extensive ; but after the Dissolu- 
tion they were used as a quarry, and the only fragment left 
standing is a small square building, the original use of which 
is uncertain. The most probable theory is that it formed part 
of the Cellarer's range on the west side of the cloister. 

From this point you can either continue your walk along 
the Newmarket Road to the Four Lamps, passing (left) Christ 
Church, built 1838-9 from the design of Mr Poynter ; or you 
can walk or take the tram-car down East Road to Parker's 
Piece. 

This open space was obtained by the Town from Trinity College 1613, 
in exchange for the ground west of the river Cam where the avenue and 
walks are. It derives its name from one Edward Parker, a cook, to 
whom it had been leased by the college in 1587. 

This was the only cricket-ground for either University or 
Town until 1846, when Mr F. P. Fenner opened his private 
ground for the use of the former body. To reach this, which 
was purchased by the University Cricket Club in 1892, go 
down Gresham Road, on the south or left side of Parker's 
Piece. 

Cross Parker's Piece diagonally to the N.-W. corner, by 
the University Arms Hotel, and turn right down Regent 
Street or S. Andrew's Street for a short distance. On the 
right is the 



Theatre; Doivning College 



103 



New Ttteatre 

bnilt from the designs of Ernest Riintz, architect. 

The foundation-stone, in the main entrance, was laid by H. Beerbohm 
Tree, Esq. 12 June, 1895, and the building was completed within a 
period of twenty-four weeks. It was opened by Mr and Mrs Tree and 
their Haymarket Company, with a performance of Hamlet, 20 January, 
1896. The seating of the house is arranged for 1400 persons, but the 
entire holding capacity is nearly 2000. 

The Theatre is open for performances from the middle of 
September to the end of May. 

Nearly opposite to the Theatre is the new Police Station, 
built from the design of John Morley, Esq., architect. It was 
opened 7 October 1901. Next to this is the Baptist Chapel, 
built 1904. These Nonconformists were rendered memorable 
by the ministrations of Robert Robinson (1759-90), and 
Robert Hall (1791-1806). 

Beyond this Chapel (left) is the Castle Inn, a tavern of 
considerable antiquity. The older part, with oriel-windows 
and gables, was originally Rudd's Hostel, one of the lodging- 
liouses occupied by students of the University before they 
were received into Colleges. 

From this point turn up the street again, and passing 
through the iron gates inght, visit 

Downing College, 

founded by the Will of Sir George Downing, Btrt., dated 20 December, 
1717. Charter obtained, 1800. 

The plan of the intended College — 
which was to be quite different, both in 
constitution and arrangement, from any 
preceding foundation — was designed by 
Wilkins, and begun 1807. Want of funds 
has prevented its completion. The two 
parallel ranges, separated by a wide ex- 
panse of grass, represent the east and west 
sides of his intended court. 

The building with a portico on the 
east side is the Master's Lodge ; the corre- 
spondiug building on the west side is the 




ARMS OF 
DOWNING COLLEGE 



104 



Downing College 



Hall, behind which is the Combination Eoom, Kitchen, and 
other offices. The Chapel and Library were designed to 
occupy the south side ; while the north side would have been 
formed by two blocks of building separated by a Doric Portico. 
This, the principal entrance to the College, would have 
contained a lecture-room and a porter's lodge. 




DOWNING COLLEGE: Master's Lodge. 

Cross the court, with the avenue which once led up to 
the entrance on your right, to Tennis-court Road (so called 
from the Tennis-court which stood on the site of Pembroke 
College at the corner of the road and Downing Street), and 
then walk right along the road till you reach Downing Street. 

In front of you and on your right, occupying the northern 
portion of the site of Downing College, bought by the 
tjniversity 1896-97, are the Museums of Science, described in 
the Fourth Walk. For the present turn right along Downing 
Street passing {right\ at the corner of Downing Place, S. 
Columba's Presbyterian Church, built 1890. Cross S. 
Andrew's Street and visit 



Emmanuel College 



105 




ARMS OF EM- 
MANUEL COLLEGE. 



Emmanuel College, 

founded by Sir Walter Mildmay, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1583. 

This College, like those of Jesus and Sidney Sussex, entered 
into possession of the site and buildings of 
a dissolved religious house, in this case 
that of the Dominican Friars, or Friars 
Preachers, who established themselves in 
Cambridge in 1275. The monastic build- 
ings were still standing when Mildmay took 
possession of the site, and were adapted by 
him to the use of his College. Hence the 
peculiar arrangement. 

There are now two quadrangles. On 
entering the larger from the street a build- 
ing containing the Hall and Combination 
Room stands left, a range of chambers called the Founder's 
Range right, and the Chapel faces you. On the north {left) 
is a smaller quadrangle open on one side to Emmanuel Lane, 
with the Library on the east side, and a range of chambers on 
the west side. Originally the entrance to the College was from 
Emmanuel Lane through this smaller court. The building of 
which the Hall forms part was the Dominican Church, and 
the range which now forms the west side of the larger court 
was also part of their buildings, perhaps their Dormitory. 
The present Library was built by Mildmay as a Chapel. It is 
said that, being a Puritan, he purposely shewed his contempt 
for tradition by making the above use of a church, and placing 
his chapel north and south. The Founder's Range was 
probably erected while the adaptation of the older buildings 
was going forward. The whole was carried out by Ralph 
Symons, the architect who built Sidney Sussex College, the 
Second Court of S. John's College, and worked for Nevile at 
Trinity College. 

The range next the street was rebuilt, and the present 
entrance made, by Essex, 1770-75 ; and the Founder's Range, 
now called the Westmorland Building, was rebuilt 1718-22. 

The Chapel and Cloister, on which is a gallery intended to 
connect the Master's Lodge with the Chapel and the Founder's 
Range, were designed by Sir C. Wren, 1666-67, at the 
suggestion of Dr Sandcroft, who had actively promoted the 



106 



Emmanuel College 



building of a new chapel while Master (1662-65), and con- 
tinued his efforts after he became Dean of S. Paul's. ^ The 
plan was obviously suggested by what had been previously 
done at Peterhouse (p. 113). 




EMMANUEL COLLEGE: WEST FRONT, 

The Chapel having been completed, the old Chapel was 
fitted up as a Library, the plan being first submitted to 
Archbishop Sandcroft for his approval. Tlie cases were evi- 
dently copied from those in the south room of the University 
Library. 

Pass through the cloister (south of the Cliapel), and 
note, first the " Brick Building," a range of chambers built 
1633-34 ; and next the Hostel, on the opposite side of the 
Close, built, with the tutor's house next to it, between 1885 
and 1894. The boundary-wall of the Close on the south 
probably dates from the Dominicans. 

The Fellows' Garden is beautifully planted, with a bath, 
summer-house, etc., as at Christ's College. 



The Fitzivilliam Museum 107 

On leaving Emmanuel College turn right down S. Andrew's 
Street. Note in passing the new Library of Christ's College, 
with the picturesque gable and oriel window at the south end, 
looking into Christ's Lane (see p. 83). 

WaDc thence along Petty Cury, into the Market-Place, 
whence we started. 



THIRD WALK. 

We will suppose the visitor to start at 

The Fitzwilliam Museum. 

Eichard, Viscount Fitzwilliam, of Trinity Hall (M.A. 1764), who 
died 5th February, 1816, bequeathed to the University his collection of 
books, paintings, illuminated MSS., engravings, etc., and the dividends 
of £100,000 South Sea Annuities for the erection and maintenance of a 
museum for their reception. 

The foundation-stone of the existing building was laid 2 November, 
1837. The Architect was George Basevi. After his death in 1845 (from 
a fall in Ely Cathedral), the work was carried on by C. E. Cockerell, 
until suspended for want of funds in 1847. 

The Entrance Hall was not completed until 1875, from the design of 
E. M. Barry, E.A., at a cost of £23,000. The building has altogether 
cost about £115,000. For descriptions of the collection see tbe Catalogue 
of Pictures, and the Handbook to the Collection of Antiquities, both of 
which can be obtained in the Museum. 

In the Entrance Hall, note the marble statue of H.R.H. 
the Prince Consort, Chancellor of the University 1847-1861, 
by Foley. Round the upper vestibule are several interesting 
pieces of sculpture. Note the busts of Home Tooke and 
E. D. Clarke (Prof of Mineralogy 1808-22), by Chantrey, 
and a statuette of Hercules by Roubiliac. 

The left-hand Picture Gallery (Gallery /) contains a col- 
lection of pictures bequeathed by Mr Daniel Mesman in 1834, 
consisting chiefly of small examples of the Dutch and Flemish 
Schools ; some interesting sketches by Rubens from the Kerrich 
collection, and twenty-five drawings by J. W. M. Turner, pre- 
sented by Mr Ruskin in 1861. Note specially Nos. 228-231, 
240-243, 317, 329, 334, 375, 404. In a niche at the end of 
the room is the statue of Gloi^y by J. Baratta, 1715, given to 
the University in 1745. 



108 



The Fitzwilliam Museum 



Gallery II. In this Gallery is a fine portrait (tmfinished) 
by Sir Henry Eaebiirn, some good specimens of the Canaletto 
School, and a selection of illuminations from manuscripts, 
drawings, etc. from the collection in the Library. Notice 186, 
215, 220. 




THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 



Gallery III This fine Gallery, 68 feet long by 39 feet 
wide, contains the principal pictures of the Fitzwiliiam Col- 
lection, namely, the Portrait of an Officer by Rembrandt, 
signed and dated 1636 ; Hermes, Herse, and AgrauloshjVsivl 
Veronese ; Venus and Cupid by Titian ; and a Venus by Palma 
Vecchio. The last three, with others in the collection, were 
purchased by Viscount Fitzmlliam from the Orleans Gallery. 
At the north end of the room is a portrait of the founder as 
an undergraduate, by Wright of Derby ; of Handel, by Sir 



The Fitzwilliam Museum 109 

James Thoriihill; and some good specimens of Hogarth, 
George Morland, and Gainsborough. On the west side are 
very fine exami3les of Hobbema, Both, G. Don, Ruysdael, J. 
Steen, Van de Velde and others, mostly signed and dated. 
Note Nos. 18, 21, 24, 33, 36, 49, 56, 63, 104, 109, 119, 129, 
143, 144, 150, 152, 159. 

Gallery IV contains the English pictures given by Mrs 
Ellison in 1862. Here is also a very interesting pre-Eaphaelite 
subject, Th6 Bridesmaid, by Millais (1851) ; and portraits 
of Professor Westcott, d. 1901, by W. B. Richmond; the 
Duke of Devonshire (Chancellor of the University 1861-92) by 
G. F. Watts; and Professor Fawcett, d. 1884, by H. Herkomer. 

Gallery V. On the north wall is a collection of fifteen 
paintings on panel illustrative of early Italian Art, bought 
1893. Note the Ivory Model of the Taj Mahal at Agra, 
presented 1 842 by Richard Burney, M. A., Christ's College. 

Leaving this Gallery, and descending to the ground-floor 
by the first staircase, enter by door on right. In this and 
the adjoining Gallery is arranged the collection of Egjq)- 
tian objects. The coffin and outer case of Nesi-pa-ur-shef 
(1500 B.C.), one of the finest examples in Europe ; the sarco- 
phagus-lid of Rameses III. (1200 B.C.), the sarcophagus being 
in the Louvre ; and the cartonnage of Nekht-ef-Mut (966-800 
B.C.) are especially worthy of attention. The exhibits, which 
are arranged as nearly as possible in chronological order, range 
from the Prehistoric period to the Roman period (200 B.C.). 

The Centre Gallery contains a collection of antique 
sculpture formed partly by John Disney, and presented by 
him in 1854, and partly by Dr E. D. Clarke. The latter 
collection was transferred from the University Library to this 
Museum in 1865. Here are also Bronzes from the Leake 
collection, and the Taylor collection of Indian Arms. Note 
the altar of Baal and Ashtaroth from Kanawdt in Syria, and 
the marble sarcophagi at each end of this Gallery. 

The Vase Room at the south end contains a collection of 
Greek and Etruscan vases, and of Phoenician, Greek and 
Roman glass. Note the vases, inscriptions, weapons of bronze 
and iron, ornaments of gold and silver, and other objects, 
brought from Cyprus. 

Here also is the fragment of an ancient Greek statue, brought in 
1801 by Dr E. D. Clarke from Eleusis. It was then thought to be part 



110 Addenhroohe' s Hospital 

of the famous statue of Ceres, but is now considered to represent a 
Cistophorus, Note the cast of another piece of this statue, found by 
Mr Sidney Colvin at Eleusis. It proves the justice of the view that both 
arms were raised to support the basket, and shews their position. 

The south room on this floor {right as you ascend the 
staircase from the Sculpture Gallery) contains the Library 
(shewn only under special conditions). Besides a general 
collection of works on art, partly formed by Viscount Fitz- 
william, partly got together subsequently by donation and 
purchase, there is an unusually fine series of woodcuts and 
engravings. The works of A. Durer, Lucas van Leyden, Marc 
Antonio, Martin Schongauer, Rembrandt, and the Little 
German Masters, are very fully represented. Here are also 
many volumes of manuscript music by Bach, Blow, Handel, 
Haydn, Purcell. The collection of works by Handel is 
considered to be second in importance only to that at 
Buckingham Palace. 

The collection of Greek coins formed by Lieut. -Col. Leake, 
and bought after his death in 1864, is placed in this room. 

A little to the right of the Fitzwilliam Museum, on the 
opposite side of Trumpington Street, is 

Addenbrooke's Hospital. 

The name is derived from John Addenbrooke, M.D., Fellow of 
S. Catharine's, who, on his death in 1719, bequeathed funds for the 
foundation of a Hospital for the poor; but the execution of his inten- 
tions was delayed by litigation for nearly fifty years. His endowment has 
since been largely increased by other bequests and donations. 

The first building, erected 1766, was a plain square 
structure in two floors, of no great extent. Wings were 
added to this in 1822, mth a connecting colonnade ; and in 
1864-5 the whole building was remodelled and enlarged from 
the designs of Sir M. Digby Wyatt, at the suggestion of Sir 
George Murray Humphry, M.D. Since that date further ac- 
commodation has been provided, and is still in progress. The 
number of beds is now 158. The total number of patients 
treated during the year ending at Michaelmas, 1901, was 
7159. 

Opposite to the Fitzwilliam Museum is 



Peterhouse 



111 



FiTZWILLTAM HaLL, 

the official headquarters of those students, commonly called 
Won- Collegiate Students, who are not attached to any College. 

The history of the house is extremely obscure. On the front is the 
date 1727, beneath which are the letters I. H., with a cross and a 
Catherine wheel below them. The initials are probably those of John 
Halsted, and there is certain evidence that a family of that name was 
residing here in and after 1727. It has been conjectured that the wheel 
may commemorate an inn called The Catherine Wheel, as in 1590 a small 
rent-charge payable out of 2'he Gatherine Wheel was bequeathed to 
"a learned preacher to preach. ..That man is justified by faith only in the 
merits of Jesus Christ," in the parish church, i.e. S. Mary the Leas. 

On the north side of the Fitzwilliam Museum is 
Peterhouse, 

founded by Hugh of Balsham, Bishop of Ely, 1281, and removed by him 
to the present site 1284. 

This is the first College founded in Cambridge, and, notwithstanding 
many alterations and additions, it still retains 
some of its primitive buildings. It shews by Avhat 
gradual steps the first colleges arrived at the quad- 
rangular arrangement with which we are so familiar. 
When the collegiate system was started no one 
could tell whether it would be a success or a failure, 
and founders therefore provided only that which 
was indispensable, viz. rooms for sleep and work ; 
a church for prayers ; and a hall for meals. An 
ordinary dwelling-house sujiplied the first; a parish 
church the second ; and the third had usually to be 
built. 

The Bishop first placed his fourteen 
scholars and their Master in two dwelling- 
houses, which probably stood next the street where the Chapel 
now is. He died two years afterwards (1286), and with the 
300 marks that he bequeathed to them his scholars bought a 
piece of ground behind their house, and "built thereon a 
handsome Hall" and Buttery. This Hall is still standing, 
but much altered. At each end of the screens, however, 
there is an unaltered doorway, which may be referred to the 
first construction. Pass through the screens, and note how 
dift'erent the masonry of the building containing the Hall and 
Buttery is from that of the Kitchen (1450) or the Parlour 
(14G0). The first kitchen was probabiy of wood. 




ARMS OF 
PETERHOUSE. 



112 



Peterhouse 



No further building took place for more than a century, 
for the range on the north side of the quadrangle was not 
begun till 1424, nor that on the west side till 1431. This 
latter contained the Library. You can still see the braces of 
the roof in some of the rooms on the first-floor, and the 
circular stone staircase that led to it still exists in the S.W. 



hN. -^^ ■»; 








MM 

F">ff'i'PH''^'pi'P'tiii"ir '!^ .^ IKIBBW 

''''l7J^'*y'!''':-f|-,y.,{ 



PETERHOUSE: Front of College to Trumpington Street. 

corner, behind the classical facing added to the whole court in 
1754. In 1460 the Combination Room, here called Stone 
Parlour, with the Master's Lodging over it, was built. Note 
the staircase on the side next the garden, by which the Master 



Peter house 113 

could reach the Parlour and the Hall without going into the 
court. By this last addition just a century and three-quarters 
after the foundation, the College obtained a quadrangle of 
three sides, closed on the east by a wall, between which and 
the street the primitive houses acquired by the Founder still 
existed. The entrance to this quadrangle was fi'om the 
churchyard of S. Mary the Less, under the gallery leading 
to the Chancel (see below, p. 114). 

In 1590, 130 years after the last recorded work, Dr Perne, 
Master (1553-89), bequeathed to the College his books, and 
funds to build a room to contain them. This building, next 
the Combination Room, was continued to the street in 1633 
(note the date on the gable), forming the left side of the front 
court as you enter the College. The extent of the two pieces 
of building can be readily seen on the south side. 

In 1632 Dr Matthew Wren (Master 1625-34), uncle of the 
celebrated architect, got the old houses next the street pulled 
down, and replaced by a range of chambers on a site nearly 
the same as that on which the present north side of the 
entrance court stands. While this work was proceeding he 
began the Chapel and Cloisters, but they were not completely 
finished till after the Restoration. 

In the Chapel note the woodwork, probably original, with 
the addition of some medieval panelling, brought from 
elsewhere. The east window may possibly have been glazed 
at the same time. Those in the north and south walls were 
executed by Prof. Ainmiiller of Munich 1855-58, as a 
memorial to William Smyth, M.A., Prof, of Modern History 
(1807-49). 

Note that the arches on the west front of the Chapel are 
of the original design, while those of the cloister-arcades have 
been rebuilt (1709), but with the old materials. 

The building on the north of the entrance-court was 
designed by Burrough (afterwards Sir J. Burrough) in 1732. 
It was at that time intended to pull down the cloisters and 
Perne's Library, and to replace them by buildings like the one 
erected, but this scheme was fortunately abandoned. 

Beyond the principal Court is the Gisborne Court, built 
1825 by the munificence of the Rev. Fra. Gisborne, formerly 
Fellow. 

The Hall was almost rebuilt under the direction of Mr 

c. 8 



114 Church of 8. Mary the Less 

G. G. Scott, 1868-71. Note the portraits of distinguislied 
members of the College, and the stained glass windows by 
Morris & Co. 

The Grove and Fellows' Garden are worth a visit (entrance 
through the passage between Hall and Buttery). 

Note the massive wall next the Fen (here called Coe Fen) built 
1501-2; and the ancient doorway leading to the Fen, with the arms of 
John Hotham, Bp. of Ely 1316-37, on the outside, and those of John 
Alcock, Bp. of same see 1486-1500, on the inside. 

In connection with Peterhouse visit the 

Church of S. Mary the Less, 

used as the College chapel until the new chapel was built. 
This church, originally dedicated to S. Peter, dates from the 
12th century. A fragment of the tower of the church of that 
date is still standing at the N.W. angle of the present 
building. 

The present church was built 1340-52. In the course of 
extensive repairs undertaken 1857 remains of an arch were 
found opposite the sixth buttress, counting from the east, 
shewing that the eastern portion would have formed a collegiate 
quire, the western a parochial nave, but of what extent is 
unknown. The west wall with its window, and the western- 
most window on the south side, are of later date than the rest 
of the church. There were chantry-chapels on the north and 
south sides : that on the north was founded by Tho. Lane, 
Master of Peterhouse 1439-73 ; that on the south by Hen. 
Horneby, Master 1516-24. 

Note the beautiful Decorated east window, the remains of 
piscina and sedilia, and the window over these panelled in 
stone for half its height to allow for the vestry. The stained 
glass in the east window was given by J. Hamblin Smith, 
M.A., 1892. 

Go round the west end of the church and note the north 
wall of the College, which has been left with its successive 
patchings and alterations unchanged, and the gallery con- 
necting the College with the church. The vestibule under 
this gallery, originally vaulted, was provided for the use of 
the parishioners, who entered the churchyard on the south 
side before the College building of 1732 was set up, and the 
church by a south porch (recently rebuilt). The gallery 



Museum of Archeology 115 

enabled the members of Peterhoiise to reach the church 
without going beyond the College precincts. 

Beyond the churchyard to the west is the building erected 
by Basil Champneys, architect, 1883, to contain the Archeo- 
logical Collections : 

I. Museum of General and Local Archeology 
AND OF Ethnology. 

This Museum practically derives its existence from the Cambridge 
Antiquarian Society, which, since its foundation in 1840, has realised 
the importance of securing such antiquities as may be found in the 
neighbourhood, and of forming an archeological library. The collec- 
tions thus brought together were offered by the Society to the University, 
when the erection of a Museum of Archeology was in contemplation, on 
condition that they should be adequately housed, and recognised under 
the name of " The Cambridge Antiquarian Museum and Library." This 
offer was accepted in 1883, and the Museum was formally opened on May 
6, 1884. The Society's gift included a large collection of stone and bronze 
implements, fine examples of Eoman and Saxon personal ornaments, imple- 
ments and weapons, as well as the following distinct collections : (1) the 
fine series of Koman pottery (cinerary urns, jugs, drinking cups, culinary 
vessels, etc.), found at Litlington, Cambridgeshire, in 1821 by the late 
Rev. William Webb, D.D., Master of Clare College (1815-56) ; (2) the 
beautiful Roman glass, pottery, etc. from Shefford, Bedfordshire, acquired 
1826-1832 b}' the late Mr Thomas Inskip of that town ; (3) a collection 
of Roman and Late Celtic pottery from Water Newton, Huntingdonshire, 
formed by the late Rev. R. Knipe, Vicar of Water Newton, about 1861 ; 
and (4) a collection of miscellaneous antiquities, chiefly local, formed by 
the late Mr I. Deck of Cambridge, prior to 1854. 

Since the opening of the Museum there has been a steady 
increase in the antiquarian collections, largely helped by the 
liberality of the Society and of private donors. 

Among the most noteworthy of these accessions are : (1) a series of 
casts and photographs of sculptures taken in the forest-buried cities 
of Guatemala, by the donor A. P. Maudslay, M.A., Trinity Hall; (2) 
a collection of Roman antiquities, including some fine glass and sculp- 
tured stone, from France and Italy, presented by J. Barratt, Esq., M.D. ; 
(3) a large series of Roman antiquities (chiefly pottery) found at Great 
Chesterford, Essex, and other localities, 1878-1881, by the donors 
Professor Hughes, F.R.S., and F. J. H. Jenkinson, M.A., Trinity 
College ; (4) a remarkable series of cinerary urns and food-vessels (many 
richly decorated), personal ornaments of bronze, glass, amber, etc., iron 
weapons and implements, from a Saxon burial-ground near St John's 
College, excavated in 1888 under the supervision of the Curator ; (5) a 
collection of over five hundred shell and stone implements, ornaments, etc., 
from Barbados ; and (6) two collections of selected stone implements from 

8—2 



116 Miiseum of Archeology 

South Africa given by Colonel H. W. Feilden, C.B. ; (7) a collection 
of over 4500 objects, including stone and bronze implements, pottery 
(British, Eoman, Saxon and Medieval) ; a magnificent series of personal 
ornaments, etc., from the Saxon burial-ground at Barrington, Cambridge- 
shire, found in 1878 by the donor ; a series of objects from the Swiss 
Lake Dwellings ; and a large number of miscellaneous antiquities from 
Great Britain and the Continent bequeathed by Walter K. Foster, Esq., 
1891 ; (8) a Late Celtic metal-worker's hoard, found in Suffolk, 1898, 
which includes bronze and iron tools and implements, and a fine bronze 
jug, fibulffi, etc., of Eoman workmanship, given by the Cambridge 
Antiquarian Society ; (9) a finely worked, gold and garnet, Saxon brooch 
given by Mrs Flatman ; (10) a set of typical Irish stone implements given 
by M. J. Knowles, Esq., K.I.A. ; (11) the Murray Collection of Msh 
Antiquities, including in its remarkable series of weapons, ornaments, 
etc. of the bronze age, the only celt attached to its wooden handle which 
has been found in the British Islands, purchased by private subscription, 
1900 ; (12) two extensive collections of flint implements from upper 
Egypt and the Fayum presented by Baron A. von Hligel and Prof. Bevan 
respectively; and a large series of pre-dynastic antiquities of stone, 
pottery, etc. given by the Egypt Exploration Fund, 1901 ; (13) mediaeval 
and other pottery from Cambridge given by Mr S.J. Freeman ; (14) a col- 
lection of stone implements from St Vincent, West Indies, presented by 
C. J. P. Cave, M.A. ; and (15) Roman bronze ornaments, and pottery 
found at Godmanchester, Hunts., in 1903, by the donor the Rev. F. G. 
Walker, M.A. 

The aim of the Museum being to present to the student 
an unbroken record of man's civilization as exemplified in his 
manufactures, the ethnological collections of the University 
have found here a fitting resting-place side by side with those 
of antiquarian interest. Some of the most important additions 
to the Ethnological section are : 

(1) Three comprehensive collections of native manufactures, including 
weapons, implements, utensils, dresses and ornaments, from Fiji and 
other islands of the Western Pacific, Australia and New Zealand. Two of 
these collections were presented, respectively, by the Hon. Sir Arthur 
H. Gordon (now Lord Stanmore), G.C.M.G., M.A., Trinity College, and 
by A. P. Maudslay, M.A., Trinity Hall. The third, the most extensive of 
the three, including a series of New Zealand objects, was deposited by 
Baron Anatole von Hiigel, M.A., Trinity College, in 1885 ; (2) a series of 
objects from the Islands of the Western Pacific, including an enormous, 
bird-shaped bowl, carved in wood and inlaid with shell, from the 
Solomon Islands, presented by the Eight Rev. J. R. Selwyn, D.D., Bishop 
of Melanesia, 1887 ; (3) a plank-built canoe, inlaid with shell, from the 
Solomon Islands, presented by the Hon. Sir Arthur H. Gordon ; (4) a 
collection of native manufactures collected in New Guinea by the late 
General Sir Peter H. Scratchly, K.O.B., and received on loan from Lady 
Scratchly, 1889 ; (5) a collection of native objects from the Solomon, 
the Banks, and the Santa Cruz Islands, presented by Bishop Selwyn, 
1890; (6) a collection of native manufactures formed in the islands of 



Museum of Archeology 117 

Torres Straits by the donor, A. C. Haddon, Sc.D. , Christ's College ; (7) a 
series of bronze and alabaster images from India, Burma, and Japan, 
transferred from the Fitzwilliam Museum ; (8) a series of selected weapons 
and implements from New Guinea and other South Sea Islands, be- 
queathed by H. B. Brady, F.K.S.; (9) a collection of native manufactures 
from the Friendly Islands and the Eastern Pacific, formed 1835 to 1837, 
presented by George Brady, M.D,, F.K.S., 18*J2 ; (10) a complete set of 
the manufactures of the Andaman Islanders presented by Colonel Sir 
E, C. Temple, Bart., and (11) a smaller collection from the Nicobar 
Islands, presented by K. H. Man, Esq.; (12) various selected Australian 
weapons, implements, and ornaments, presented by E. C. Stirling, M.D., 
Trinity College, 1895 ; (13) a collection illustrative of extant superstitions 
in Scotland and Ireland ; the Starr Collection of Mexican Folk-Lore ; and 
the Owen Collection of Wampum (American Indian bead-work), etc., 
deposited by the Folk-Lore Society ; (14) a series of objects from the 
Ellice Islands collected by the donor, J, S. Gardiner, M.A., Caius College, 
1898; (15) a collection of over one thousand specimens of Malay and 
Sakai manufactures from Selangor, Malacca, formed by the donor, 
W. W. Skeat, M.A., Christ's College, District Magistrate of Larut ; (16) 
Bornean dresses, ornaments and implements, presented by R. W. C. 
Shelford, M.A. ; (17) a series of native manufactures from British New 
Guinea, given by H.E. Sir Wm. Macgregor, G.C.M.G. ; (18) a collection 
comprising over fourteen hundred articles of dress and ornaments, 
weapons, implements, etc., from New Guinea and adjacent islands, 
received from the Cambridge Torres Straits Expedition ; (19) a valuable 
collection of Bornean native manufactures, given by Ch. Hose, Hon. 
Sc.D. ; (20) a fine series of dresses, ornaments, weapons, etc., from the 
Solomon and other South Sea Islands, presented by Mrs Selwyn, 1901 ; 
(21) a representative collection of native objects obtained by the donor, 
J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A., in the Maldive and Laccadive Islands ; (22) a 
number of highly finished personal ornaments, etc., from the Solomon 
and the Santa Cruz Islands, given by the liev. John Still, M.A. ; (23) a 
valuable set of carved objects from New Zealand, presented by Professor 
Bevau and C. J. P. Cave, M.A. ; (21) the Skeat Collection of Malay and 
Siamese native objects, purchased 1902 ; (25) a set of native charms 
received from the Katikiro of Uganda; aud (26) two important collections 
illustrative of the native tribes of British Guiana, presented, respectively, 
by the collector Major W. Cooke Daniels, U.S. Army, and by Sir 
Alexander Swettenham, K.C.M.G., Governor of British Guiana. 

The Museum is specially uoteworthy for its collection of 
Anglo Saxon objects, which includes a large series of cinerary 
urns, and is probably the finest in the United Kingdom. The 
collection of local stone and bronze implements, Roman pottery, 
etc., is of great extent. Among the Late Celtic cinerary urns, 
observe a tall specimen of shale, from Old Warden, Bedfordshire. 
Note also the two bronze shields from Coveney Fen, Ely. The 
series of native manufactures from the South Sea Islands is 
very large and interesting, embracing as it does a unique 



118 Fitzivilliam Museum of Classical Archeology 

collection from the Fiji Islands. The Library, which includes 
works on Archeology, Topography, Ethnology, Geography, 
Travel, and Philology, is of considerable size. 

The collections have quite outgrown the Museum, and they 
can no longer be properly displayed. In 1897 the Senate 
assigned a site for a new Archeological Museum on the ground 
bought from Downing College. This site is adjacent to the 
other scientific Museums and is excellent in every way, but in 
the present state of the finances of the University it cannot be 
utilised, and the building must be indefinitely postponed, 
unless the generosity of some benefactors should enable the 
Senate to undertake its erection. 



11. FiTZwiLLiAM Museum or Classical Archeology. 

This Museum, really part of the Fitzwilliam Museum, 
contains casts of ancient sculptures, a Library, and a Lecture- 
room. 

The casts are arranged in four galleries, A, B, C, D, as 
follows^ : 

A. (From door to central pillar) : Archaic period — from the earliest 
times to the fifth century B.C. 

B. (Turn sharp to right at central piUar) : Age of Pericles. 

0. (Central, entered from B, or from A, by passing central pillar) : 
Age of Philip and Alexander, fourth century b.c. 

D. (Left, entered from C) : Hellenistic schools of Pergamon and 
Ehodes and the Grseco-Eoman period, with portrait statues and busts. 

The Library contains the works on Art and Archeology 
bought under the Will of Lieut. -Colonel Leake; to which have 
been added about 800 volumes bought out of a subscription 
promoted by Professor Colvin in 1883; others, as required, are 
bought out of the Fitzwilliam Fund, or are added by private gift. 

At the corner of Little S. Mary's Lane and Trumpington 
Street is Emmanuel Church, built by the Congregationalists 
in 1874. Opposite to this is 

^ See Catalogue of Casts in the Museum of Classical Archceology. By 
Ch. Waldstein, Litt.D., 1889. Price Is. 



Pembroke College 



119 




ARMS OF PEM- 
BROKE COLLEGE. 



Pembroke College, 

founded 1346 by Marie de Saint Paul, widow of Aymer de Valence, Earl 
of Pembroke. 

The Foundress lived for nearly thirty years after the 
foundation of the College, and it is probable 
that the whole of the original quadrangle 
was completed before her death. 

The original fagade extends from the 
corner of Pembroke Street to the south 
side of the gable containing a pointed 
window of three lights. The Chapel (at 
the corner of Pembroke Street) has been 
remodelled, and the whole fagade was 
ashlared 1712, but with these exceptions 
it has been but little changed. Note the 
gate of entrance, a plain arch with a 
hoodmold, and a pair of oriel windows, separated by two 
coats-of-arms ; the whole composition belonging to a period 
before gate-houses with flanking turrets had come into 
fashion. 

Enter the court, and note that the original chapel (the 
first collegiate chapel built, for which the Foundress obtained 
papal sanction 1355) stood at the N.W. corner (left) ; the 
vestry and bell-turret (still marked by a sht in the wall) were 
east of the chapel, and succeeded by chambers ; the kitchen, 
butteries and Hall (over which was a Library built 1452) 
occupied the east side ; the Combination Room with Master's 
Lodge above was in the angle between the east and south 
sides ; the south and west sides were occupied by chambers. 
This primitive quadrangle was very small (95 feet long by 
55 feet broad) but it sufficed for more than 250 years. 

Enter the old chapel, fitted up as a library after the 
erection of Wren's chapel (see below), and as a lecture-room 
after the erection of the new library, 1875. Note the 
beautiful ceiling of plaster- work, with the date, 1690 ; and 
the bookcases of the same period, some of which still 
remain. 

The south side of this court, with the Hall, Combination 
Room, and Master's Lodge, on the east side, were destroyed 
by the advice of Alfred Waterhouse, architect, 1874; and 



120 



Pembroke College 



the present Hall was begun in the same year. Note in it 
the bust of Pitt ; and that of Gray, by Thornycroft, placed 
here by subscription, 1885. 




PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 

Pass through the Screens, and enter the Second Court. 
The range of chambers on the north side (left) was built about 
1633, as was the eastern half of that on the south side (right), 
as far as the staircase nearest to the Hall. The rest of this 
range may be dated 1659, when the College was said to 
flourish 'sub dispensacione Mosaicd,' i.e. the Mastership of 
Mr Serjeant Moses (1654-60). The two portions may be 
readily distinguished by their style. The latter building is 



Pembroke College 121 

usually called "The Hitcham Building" because built with 
funds derived from an estate at Framlingham in Sufiblk, 
bequeathed by Sir Eob. Hitcham (1636). 

Keturn to the First Court, and cross it to the new Chapel, 
built 1663-64 at the sole cost of Dr Matth. Wren, formerly 
fellow, then Bp. of Ely, in fulfilment of a vow made during his 
imprisonment in the Tower of London. The architect was his 
nephew Sir Chr. Wren. It was lengthened by Sir G. G. Scott, 
1880. Note the woodwork of the original construction, and 
the four splendid columns of Italian marble introduced by 
Scott. 

On the completion of the Chapel (1664) it was connected 
with the College by a range of chambers and a cloister, 
consecrated for interments. The external face of this range 
was built in a style to correspond with the front of the old 
College, whiles the cloister was Italian, to correspond with the 
Chapel. This building, with the end of that destroyed by 
Waterhouse, was brought to its present aspect by Geo. G. 
Scott, M.A. (1881). 

Beyond the Chapel, with a frontage to Trumpington Street, 
is the range of chambers designed by Waterhouse (1872), and, 
behind, the Library and Lecture Room, by the same (1875). 

Leave the College by the gate of entrance, turn right 
down Pembroke Street, and passing the Master's Lodge, 
designed by Waterhouse (1873), reach the Scott Building, 
designed by G. G. Scott, M.A. (1883). It consists of two 
ranges of chambers, at right angles to each other. 

The poet Spenser entered this College as a sizar in May 
1569, and proceeded to the M.A. degree 1576. The poet 
Gray resided here from 1756 to his death in 1771. He 
is believed, by tradition, to have occupied rooms on the first- 
floor in the Hitcham Building, in which he was succeeded by 
William Pitt (1773-76). The cause of Gray's removal to 
Pembroke is worth telling. 

Gray came to Cambridge as a Fellow-Commoner of Peterhouse in 
1742, and occupied rooms at the top of the building erected 1732. The 
window of his bedroom, on the side next the churchyard of S. Mary the 
Less, may still be distinguished from the others by irons fastened to the 
wall outside it. The poet had a morbid dread of fire, and had provided 
a rope-ladder with these irons to fix it to. Some undergraduates of 
Peterhouse, wishing to amuse themselves at his expense, placed a tub of 
water under the window, and then cried "Fire." Gray descended, and 



122 



University Press 



found himself in the tub. The punishment meted out to the offenders 
by the authorities of Peterhouse did not satisfy the poet, and he sought 
the hospitality of a college where, as he says, everybody was "as civil as 
they could be to Mary de Valence in person." 




PEMBROKE COLLEGE: part of the Scott Building. 

Nearly opposite to Pembroke College is the 
University Printing Press. 

The erection of these buildings began 1804. In 1824 the 
Committee for erecting in London a statue to Mr Pitt offered 



Church of S. Botolph 



123 



their surplus funds to the University "for the erection of a 
handsome building connected with the University Press... near 
or opposite to Pembroke College." This offer was accepted ; 




UNIVERSITY PRESS. 

Mr Blore was appointed architect ; and the first stone of the 
building forming the frontage to Trumpington Street was laid 
18 October, 1831. Hence the whole building is often called 
The Pitt Press. Further additions have been made in 
subsequent years as required. 

Visitors must be accompanied by a member of the Senate. 

Opposite the Press, near the corner of Trumpington Street 
and Pembroke Street, must have stood Trumpington Gate, 
with, probably, a bridge over the King's Ditch, like Barnwell 
Gate in S. Andrew's Street (p. 80). Visit next the 

Church of S. Botolph. 

This Church contains but little of interest. The pointed 
arches of the nave arcade may, by their style, belong to the 
first half of the fourteenth century ; and the roofs of the nave 
and chancel are perhaps of the same date. The aisles were 



124 



Corpus Christi College 



rebuilt in the fifteenth century, to which date the porch and 
chapel next to it, with the chancel-screen, and the tower, may 
be referred. The west window of the latter was designed 
by Professor Willis (1841). The chancel was rebuilt by 
G. F. Bodley, architect, 1872. 

Note the font and cover, of the sixteenth century ; and, 
in the south chapel, the tomb of Tho. Plaifere, D.D., Lady 
Margaret's Professor of Divinity, d. 1609. 

Adjoining this Church is 

Corpus Christi College, 

founded 1352 by the Gilds of Corpus Christi and S. Mary. 

This College consists of two completely separate groups of 
building : (1) that of the gilds ; (2) that 
designed by Wilkins, and erected 1823-27, 

The modern Court, entered from 
Trumpington Street through a gateway 
with flanking turrets imitated from those 
of the older colleges, has the Hall on the 
north side (left) ; the Chapel and the 
Master's Lodge on the east side ; and the 
Library on the south side (right). 

Pass through the passage at the east 
end of the Hall, and examine the old 
Court, the first closed quadrangle built in 
Cambridge. It has been a good deal 
altered, but it stills retains a more ancient appearance than 
any other collegiate structure here. Note the eaves instead 
of battlements, and some of the original two-light windows. 
The buttresses were added after the first construction. 

The original chambers in this court were of the roughest description; 
the ground-floor was of clay ; the walls were destitute of plaster; and the 
windows were probably half-shuttered, half-glazed. On the first-floor 
they were open to the roof, like workshops. The garrets were added 
during the reign of Henry the Eighth. 

The scholars used the neighbouring Church of S. Benedict for their 
devotions; but, with the exception of a chapel, this small court contained 
all the buildings required for the collegiate life: viz. chambers on the 
north, east, and west sides; and on the south, in the following order 
from west to east. Kitchen with Library over it, Buttery, Hall, Common 
Parlour, Master's Lodge above. The entrance was thi-ough a plain 
archway on the north side, along a path skirting the west side of the 
churchyard. 




ARMS OF CORPUS 
CHRISTI COLLEGE. 



Corpus Cliristi College 



125 



When the new Court was bnilt, the Kitclien and Buttery 
were pulled down, and the Hall fitted up as a kitchen. The 
oriel (see woodcut), quite different to that shown by Loggan 
(1688), was built at the end of the eighteenth century. 




CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE: Old Hall, and part of Old Court. 



The Chapel retains the stall work from the old one, which 
had been constructed by Sir Nich. Bacon, 1579. It was 
lengthened eastwards 1870, from the design of A. W. Blomfield, 
architect. 

The Library, approached by a staircase at the east end, 
contains the unique collection of MSS. collected by Matth. 



126 Church of 8. Benedict 

Parker, Arclibp. of Canterbury, 1559-75. Some of the most 
interesting are exhibited in glazed cases. 

In one of the rooms under the Library is the Lewis 
Collection of coins, gems, vases and other objects of anti- 
quarian interest, bequeathed by the Rev. Sam. Savage 
Lewis, M.A., Fellow and Librarian^ 

From the College turn right, and then right again along 
Bene't Street, past the London and County Bank, to the 

Church of S. Benedict, 

the oldest building in the town. 

The parisli is a very large one, and curiously scattered. Mr Atkinson 
suggests that "perhaps in early times it included a very large area, from 
which parts have been cut off and formed into new parishes, leaving 
others detached." The size of the parish, taken in conjunction with the 
architecture of the older part of the church, is in favour of Mr Freeman^s 
theory that we have here the church of a separate village, when the town 
of Cambridge was confined to the district immediately surrounding the 
Castle. 

The tower, and those fragments of the original church 
which have survived numerous modern repairs and enlarge- 
ments, are pre-Norman. 

The tower is divided into three well-marked stages, each 
rather narrower than the one below it. The quoins are of 
" long-and-short work." The belfry windows are of two 
designs ; the central window on each face is of two lights 
divided by a mid-wall baluster shaft, supporting a massive 
horizontal stone, reaching right through the wall. On each 
side of this window is a plain lancet at a somewhat higher 
level, with rubble jambs. Above each of these, with one 
exception, is a small block of stone pierced with a round hole. 
The tower was probably terminated originally by gables or a 
low spire. Note that the rough edges of the quoins are 
worked with a rebate to receive the rough-cast which originally 
covered the whole surface of the tower. 

Enter the church, and note that the arch between the 
tower and the nave springs from bold imposts, above which 
are rude pieces of sculpture ; and that on each side of the 
tower there are quoins which shew that the original nave was 

1 See The Lewis Collection of Gems and Rings : by J. H. Middleton, 
8vo. Camb. 1892. 



Church of S. Benedict 



127 



not wider than the tower. This nave was probably without 
aisles. Moreover at the east end there are similar quoins 




PHELPS. tCL 



TOWER OF S. BENEDICT'S CHURCH. 

which shew that it was no longer than at present ; and the 
chancel also is probably of the same size and shape as that of 
the early church. 

The nave was pulled down in the thirteenth century, and 
rebuilt as at present with aisles. A new chancel-arch — not 
the present one, which is later — was built at the same time, 
and the bases of its piers are still visible above the floor. 
Below them are the piers of a still older arch ; and in the 
side walls are fragments of arches which belong to some 



128 



8. Catharine's College 



arrangement of the east end anterior to that of the thh^teenth 
century. The ruins of sedilia and piscina in the south wall 
are of the fourteenth century. 

The north aisle was rebuilt and carried further west 1853 ; 
the south aisle, with the north and east walls of the chancel, 
and the chancel-arch, were rebuilt 1872. 

Note in the south aisle a brass to commemorate Ri. Billingford, D.D., 
d. 1432. Near the west end of this aisle is preserved a large iron fire- 
hook, for dragging down blazing thatch. It formerly stood in the 
churchyard. 

Go round the west end of the Church and note the south 
door, as at S. Mary's the Less ; and further on, the arched 
passage (vault now destroyed) that provided access to the 
church from the lane beyond. The building over this archway 
was built 1417-1515 to provide (1) a chapel on the first- 
floor where the services in the quire could be witnessed by 
members of Corpus Christi College, (2) a covered passage from 
the college to the church, as at Peterhouse (p. 114). The 
doorway from the room under the above-mentioned chapel 
into the quire still exists, as does the staircase down to it 
from the gallery connecting the College with the chapel. 

It is worth while to go round S. Benedict's Church into 
Free School Lane to see the east face of this curious gallery, 
and also to note the external walls of Corpus Christi College, 
built of uncoursed rubble. This is the oldest collegiate work 
in Cambridge, having been begun not later than 1352. 

Return to Trumpington Street, cross it, and, passing 
{right) the Bull Hotel, visit 

S. Catharine's College, 

founded 1475 by Dr Eob. Wodelarke, third Provost of King's College. 
Cross the Court and pass through the gate, 
into Queens' Lane, anciently Milne Street. 

This street was one of the principal thorough- 
fares of Cambridge, leading from the two mills on 
Coe Fen (see below p. 134) across the site of King's 
College to what is now the entrance to the New 
Court of Trinity College, whence, under the name 
of S. Michael's Lane, it joined High Street. Several 
lanes ran from it to the different wharves on the 
river-bank, and in the opposite direction to High 
Street. It is now represented by Queens' Lane and arms of 

Trinity Hall Lane. s. Catharine's 

'' COLLEGE. 




;S^. Catharine's College 



129 



Provost Wodelarke bought a small site facing Milne Street, 
in length equal to about two-thirds of the present front of 




S. CATHARINE'S COLLEGE: West side of Court. 

the College ; and extending in depth from the street to a 
line dra^Mi across the court at a right angle from the west 

c. 9 



130 



>S^. Catharine's College 



end of the Chapel to the opposite side. The buildings erected 
on this site, or on the first addition to it, have entirely dis- 
appeared, with the exception of the range of chambers at the 
north end, built 1634-36. 

The rebuilding of the College was due to John Eachard, D.D., 
Master 1675-97. He built, partly out of his own purse, 
partly by subscription, the Hall, Buttery, west range, and south 
range as far as the Eamsden Building. Dr Eachard died in 
1697, leaving the design half executed, for Loggan's print 




OLD HOUSES IN SILVER STREET, now destroyed. 



Queens' College 



131 



(1688) shews a complete quadrangle, the east side of which 
was to have contained the library. 

The Chapel was built by subscription (1704); and about 
fifty years afterwards the building corresponding to it on the 
opposite side of the court, out of funds bequeathed by Mrs 
Mary Ramsden. The architect was Ja. Essex. The original 
idea of a closed court seems to have been abandoned at this 
time, and instead the low wall and railings were set up, and 
the grove was planted. 

A considerable part of the north-east portion of the site consisted of 
the house, stables, and yard of Thomas Hobson, the celebrated carrier. 
His house, which stood between the entrance to the College and the 
houses north of it, had a frontage of some sixty feet to the street, while 
the yard extended back as far as the west end of the Chapel. 

Leaving the College by the grove, turn right, and then 
right again along Silver Street. At the corner of this street 
and Queens' Lane you pass the new Master's Lodge of 
S. Catharine's College, built 1875 from the design of W. M. 
Fawcett, M.A., architect. Opposite to this corner there stood, 
until recently, some picturesque old houses (see p. 130) ; now 
replaced by modern shops. Visit next 

Queens' College, 

founded on this site 1447 by Andrew Doket, under the patronage of 
Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry the Sixth ; refouuded 1465 by 
Elizabeth Widvile, Queen of Edward the Fourth. 

The first, or principal. Court was built immediately after 
the foundation. The first building- 
contract provides for the erection of the 
north and east sides of the quadrangle 
with part of the south side (note the 
seam in the brickwork where the first 
work ended) ; the second for the rest 
of the south side and the west side. 
The material is red brick ; and the plan 
includes square corner-turrets, and an 
entrance-gateway flanked by towers (the 
third built in Cambridge). The original 
eaves have been replaced by battlements, 
and the foliations cut out of the windows 
buildings are unaltered. 




ii 




ARMS OF QUEENS' 
COLLEGE. 

Otherwise the 



9—2 



132 Queens' College 

The Old Chapel (at east end of north side of court) is now 
used as a Lecture-room and Library. The reredos was designed 
by Bodley, 1858. 

West of the Chapel is the Library, now occupying both 
upper and lower floors. The original Library, on the first- 
floor, may be readily distinguished by its six equidistant 
windows. The bookcases are Jacobean, but beneath them 
may be detected the remains of the original desks, which had 
sloping tops, like an elongated church-lectern. 

The Sun-dial over the entrance to the Chapel is often ascribed to 
Sir Isaac Newton : but it was painted after his death to replace one that 
had existed before he was born. The wooden turret and clock were put 
up in 1848. 

The classical woodwork in the Hall was put up under 
the direction of Sir Ja. Burrough, 1732-34, together with a 
flat ceiling and other changes popular at that time. These 
latter were removed, the original roof restored, the windows 
altered, and the fireplace opened, 1846-61, by Eob. Moon, M.A., 
Fellow. The decoration, by Bodley, was executed 1875, at the 
expense of Dr Campion and Rev. Geo. Pirie, M.A., Fellows. 

Enter the second Court, or Cloister Court. The range 
facing you, along the river, is coeval with the first Court. 
Note that the two lateral cloisters are evidently later, for the 
plinth of the former building is continued behind them, and 
their arches are not bonded into it. Above the north cloister, 
occupying the whole side of the court, is the Gallery of the 
President's Lodge. 

Note that by the time this College was founded (164 years after 
Peterhouse and 102 years after Pembroke) the plan of a Manor House 
had been accepted as the best for College buildings. Accordingly this 
College affords a close copy of such a house as, for example, Haddon Hall. 
The arrangement of the princij)al court is the same ; and in the second 
or subordinate court, approached by the passage through the Screens, we 
find the apartments of the President occupying the same position as 
those of the lord at Haddon. 

As you look back on the Hall-range from the Cloister- 
court, note the projecting building at the north end of the 
Hall. A person entering this can either pass into the Hall, 
or into the Combination Room north of it, or, by ascending 
the staircase, reach the President's original chamber over the 
Combination Room. From this chamber the President could 
pass into the Library, and from the Library into the Chapel ; 
see and hear what was going forward in the Hall through a 



Queens' College 133 

narrow window in his south wall ; and command the principal 
Court by a window in the angle between the north and west 
ranges. About 1540, a Gallery was provided for his use, as 
at S. John's College (p. 55). It is easy to see, by the 
arrangement of the brackets, that it was built long after the 
cloister. By means of this Gallery the President could reach 
the building next the river, now part of the Lodge. 

The Gallery is a singularly beautiful and unaltered 
specimen of the domestic architecture of the sixteenth cen- 
tury. It was panelled by Humphrey Tindall, D.D. (President 
1579-1614). The President's study has lately been panelled 
with the linen-panelling placed in the Hall in 1532, and 
turned out by Burrough. His dining-room, in the west 
building, has also some good Jacobean panel- work\ 

Cross the south cloister into the small Pump Court. The 
south and west sides are occupied by a building in white 
brick by Jas. Essex (1756); but on the east side you get a 
good view of part of the original buildings. 

The turret at the south-west angle of the principal Court, adjoins the 
rooms in which, according to tradition, Erasmus lived when here as 
Greek Professor (1511-13). The top storey of the turret is said to have 
been his study. 

Leave the Cloister-court by the door in the north-east 
corner, and visit Walnut-tree Court, north of the principal 
Court. Note as you enter the windows in the Library (right). 
They are unaltered, and shew the original design of the 
windows in the principal Court. 

The range of chambers on the east side of this court 
(opposite to you as you enter) was built 1616-18. The date 
1618 is on the street-front. 

The New Chapel, on the north side of this court, was 
built by Messrs Bodley and Garner, 1891. Note the altar- 
piece, a work of 16th century German Art ; the east window, 
and the windows in the north wall, all designed by Mr C. E. 
Kempe. The latter are intended to form a series illustrative 
of Church History, and also to commemorate certain notables 
of the College. 

Beyond the Chapel is a range of chambers built 1885 from 
the design of W. M. Fawcett, M.A., architect. 

1 The President's Lodge is shewn to strangers on application at the 
door at the north end of the West cloister. 



134 



Queens' College 



m 



Return to the Cloister-court, and passing out by the door 
the centre of the west range cross the wooden bridge 
(designed 1749 by Mr Etheridge, and built by Jas. Essex). 
Turn right along the river-bank to the end of the walk. The 
views are extremely beautiful ; especially, as you return, those 




QUEENS' COLLEGE: River-front, loolcing south. 

of the garden-front of the President's Lodge, and the river- 
front of the College. 

As you leave the College grounds by the gate on the left 
bank of the river, note the bridge, built 1841, to supersede a 
picturesque structure of wood. 

There were in ancient times two branches of the river Cam here (one 
of which is now carried underground), and the bridges over them were 
called The Small Bridges, to distinguish them from the Great Bridge 
in Bridge Street. This name was applied to the single bridge for many 
years after its construction. 

The Mill on the opposite side of the pool represents two 
ancient mills, called King's Mill and Bishop's Mill, to which 
led the street called Milne Street described above. 



Ridley Hall 



135 



The ditch called King's Ditch left the river at this point, ran down 
Mill Lane, and Pembroke Street, and then crossed the site of the New 
Museums to S. Andrew's Church (p. 82). 

Turn right along the road till you reach Sidgwick Avenue. 
Pass along this for a short distance, and you come {left) to 

Ridley Hall, 

founded 1879 by members of the Evangelical Party in the Church of 
England, with the object of providing a residence, and tuition in 
Theology, for graduates of the University who are candidates for 
Holy Orders. 







7 HrjSM* 



RIDLEY HALL. 



The first building was opened in January, 1881 ; a new 



136 



Newnham College 



block was added, 1892 ; and at the same time a Chapel, the 
gift of an anonymous donor, who had formerly studied in the 
College. Note the memorial windows. 

Turn right, having Ridley Hall on your right, and then 
right again to reach 

Newnham College. 

An Association for Promoting the Higher Education of Women in 
Cambridge was formed in October, 1873, to carry on and develop the 





11 liispiiiilli 

jii 
mm 

HI 'MM 'M^ 







'%(i'&«fi!:iiiMwt!^^^^^^i 









NEWNHAM COLLEGE. 



Sehvyn College 137 

Lectures for Women first started in January, 1870. Part of Newnliam 
College was opeued, under the care of Miss Clough, in October, 1875. 

The east front of Newnham College, through which the 
visitor enters, was erected 1(S93, and is called the Pfeiffer 
Building, to commemorate a gift of £5000 from the trustees 
of Mr and Mrs Pfeiffer. The bronze gates were presented as 
a memorial of Miss Clough, d. 1892, by students who had been 
in residence during her lifetime. 

This building is connected by corridors with Old Hall on 
the south, built 1875 ; and with Sidgwick Hall or North 
Hall, built 1880, on the north. Beyond the latter is Clough 
Hall, built 1888. This Hall includes a dining-room large 
enough to contain, if necessary, the whole body of students. 
These buildings, though built at different times, and once 
separated by a public footpath (now closed), form a harmonious 
group. They accommodate the Principal, the Vice-Principals, 
resident Lecturers, and about 150 students. 

A commodious Library was built in 1898 at the sole charge 
of Mr and Mrs Henry Yates Thompson. It opens out of the 
passage connecting Clough and Sidgwick Halls, and is thus in 
a central position, readily approached from all parts of the 
College. The bookcases against the walls and projecting from 
them into the room are of solid oak, and a light gallery renders 
all books accessible without a ladder. 

The whole College has been designed by Basil Champneys, 
architect. 

At the corner of Sidgwick Avenue and Grange Eoad you 
come to 

Selwyn College, 

founded 1882 in memory of Geo. Aug. Selwyn, D.D., Bp. of Lichfield 
and previously of New Zealand, d. 1878. It was incorporated by Eoyal 
Charter, 12 September, 1882 ; and recognised by the Senate as a Public 
Hostel, 8 February, 1883. 

The range of chambers facing Grange Road, containing the 
gate of entrance, was finished 1882, with a temporary Hall 
and Chapel. The west part of the north range, and a Lodge 
for the Master, were built 1884. The east half of this range 
was added 1889. The Chapel was begun 1893, and opened 
19th October, 1895. The architect of the whole College was 
Sir A. W. Blomfield. 

Turn right along Grange Road. Opposite to the junction 



138 



Selwyn College 



of this road with West Road is the Rifle Range, belonging 
to the University Volunteers, acquired 1861. 




SELWYN COLLEGE: THE CHAPEL. 



From this point you can either turn down West Road, or 
proceed along Burrell's Walk to the Backs of the Colleges, 
whence you can choose various ways of returning to King's 
Parade or Trumpington Street. 



Museums of Science 139 

FOURTH WALK. 

This part of our Guide will be devoted exclusively to the 

Museums of Science. 

As the visitor passes along Pembroke Street, he will see, 
OD both sides of the street, a succession of lofty buildings. 
These are the museums, lecture-rooms, class-rooms, and work- 
rooms, belonging to the following scientific departments, the 
names of whicli, for convenience sake, have been arranged in 
alphabetical order. They will be described below. For their 
relation to each other consult the plan (p. 141). 

Medicine 
Mineralogy 



Anatomy 
Botany 
Chemistry 

Experimental Physics 
(Cavendish Laboratory) 
Geology 



Pathology 
Physiology 
Surgery 
Zoology. 



The site on the north side of the street is, in the main, that of the 
Augustinian Friary, the gate-house of which has been already mentioned 
(p. 75). This ground was bought in 1760 by Ei. Walker, D.D., Vice- 
Master of Trinity College, and by him given to the Univei'sity for a 
Botanic Garden. It served that purpose until 1852, when the plants were 
removed to a new garden (described below, p. 173). Dr Walker's garden 
had an open frontage to Downing Street, but on the east and west sides 
it was separated by the properties of various owners from Slaughter 
House Lane (now Corn Exchange Street) and from Free School Lane. 
The University has bought these at different times, as occasion offered, 
and, lastly, in 1896, the greater part of the garden along the north 
boundary, so that further extension on that side will one day be 
practicable. This part of the site is usually termed the Botanic 
Garden site. 

Subsequently, in 1896 and 1897, the University bought from Downing 
College two acres and two-fifths of an acre, situated at the north end of 
their site, with the entire frontage from Tennis Court Eoad to Downing 
Place. On this ground, termed the Downing site, the Sedgwick Memorial 
Museum of Geology, the Squire Law Library (built from funds be- 
queathed by Miss K. F. Squire), the Law School, and the Botanical 
School have been erected. 

The erection of Lecture-rooms on this site dates fi'om 
1784, when it had become necessary to provide a lecture-room 
for the Professor of Botany and for the newly-appointed 



140 Museums of Science 

Jacksonlan Professor of Natural Experimental Philosophy. 
It was then decided that "the piece of ground at the south- 
east corner of the Botanical Garden is a proper spot," and a 
lecture-room and two private rooms were built, and used by 
the two Professors above mentioned until 1863 (see plan, p. 141). 

A building adjoining these rooms, in the angle of the 
ground between Downing Street and S. Andrew's HiU (formerly 
Hog Hill), was built for the Professor of Anatomy (1832-33) ; 
and at the same time some small accommodation for the 
Professors of Chemistry and Physic was added to the older 
building. This very inconvenient structure, with the building 
of 1784, was pulled down in 1900. 

The establishment of a Natural Sciences Tripos (1848) 
drew the attention of the University to the immediate need 
of Museums, Laboratories, and Lecture-rooms on a totally 
different scale from that hitherto attempted ; and the removal 
of the Botanic Garden (1852) suggested a site. The usual 
steps were taken ; the usual opposition was offered ; much 
time was wasted in overcoming it; and finally (1863) the 
central buildings were begun from designs drawn by A. Salvin, 
architect, but suggested and controlled by Bob. Willis, M.A., 
Jacksonian Professor. They were intended to accommodate 
Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Mechanism (then dealt with 
by the Jacksonian Professor) ; and the Lucasian, Lowndean, 
and Plumian Professors. 

These buildings (occupied 1865) were fortunately con- 
structed of a material and in a style which readily admitted 
of extension, addition, and alteration. In consequence space 
has been found for a central Library on the ground-floor of the 
south building (1880) ; Morphology has been accommodated 
by placing an additional floor upon the south and west 
buildings (1882-84) ; class-rooms intended for Physiology and 
Botany, but now used for other purposes, have been added 
to previously existing structures ; and lastly, a drawing-office 
for the use of Mechanism has been built in the principal 
quadrangle. 

The appointment of Mr Michael Foster to the post of 
Trinity Prselector in Physiology (1870) made provision for 
the teaching of this science necessary. This was at first 
found in two rooms on the ground-floor of the central block 
(now the Library) ; but before long new buildings were begun 



Museums of Science 



]41 



(1876), in continuation of the east wing, for Physiology and 
Comparative Anatomy (Physiology being on the first-floor) ; 
and subsequently continued to their present extent (1890-91). 
In 1874 the Cavendish Laboratory was built and stocked 
with apparatus at the sole expense of the late Duke of 
Devonshire, Chancellor of the University. This Laboratory 
has since been increased (1895) by the addition of rooms on 
the south of the entrance-gateway. 




142 Museums of Science 

The new Chemical Laboratory, designed by J. J. Stevenson, 
architect, in accordance with the requirements of Professor 
Liveing, was built 1887-88. 

A Professorship of Mechanism having been established 
(1875), accommodation was found for the Professor and his 
class in the old Jacksonian rooms, and in temporary workshops 
constructed in_ the garden behind the Department of Botany. 

New buildings for Human Anatomy, with a lecture-room 
common to that science and Physiology, were designed by 
W. M. Fawcett, M. A., architect, and built 1890-91. 

In 1893 a new Engineering Laboratory was begun, partly by 
adapting the old buildings of the Perse Grammar School 
(bought 1888), partly by the erection of a new building 
designed by W. C. Marshall, M. A., architect. It was formally 
opened 15 May, 1894. 

In 1898, after the death of the well-known engineer, John 
Hopkinson, M.A., formerly Fellow of Trinity College, with his 
son, by an accident in the Alps, Mrs Hopkinson, in conjunction 
with her surviving son and daughter, offered £5000 to com- 
memorate her husband and son by an extension of the 
Laboratory. This generous gift was accepted, and a John 
Hopkinson Memorial Wing, designed by the same architect, 
was formally opened 2 February, 1900. 

In 1900 a Syndicate which had been appointed "to con- 
sider what steps should be taken for the erection of new 
buildings for the Medical School upon the site assigned for 
the purpose," issued a report (22 February), stating that they 
had considered the accommodation required for Medicine and 
Surgery, Pharmacology, Pathology, and Public Health ; that 
they had consulted E. S. Prior, M.A. (Gonv. and Cai.), 
architect ; and that they had obtained plans from him for 
a Museum which they recommended should be called The 
Humphry Museum, in commemoration of the services rendered 
to the University by the late Sir Geo. Murray Humphry, M.D., 
and for two ranges of building, one on each side of it. 
They were authorised by Grace (14 June, 1900) to obtain 
detailed plans and tenders for the Downing Street Wing ; and 
(31 January, 1901) for the Museum. Leave had previously 
been given (6 December, 1900) to pull down the old buildings 
on the site. The tenders were accepted by Grace, 23 May, 
1901, and the work was begun soon afterwards. Towards the 



The Medical School 143 

cost of these buildings (besides special gifts in the Benefaction 
Fund) the State Medicine Syndicate contributed £2000 ; and, 
for the fittings in the Museum, Lady Humphry and others .£350. 

The Downing Street Wing and the Humphry Museum 
were formally opened by Their Majesties the King and Queen, 
1 March, ] 904. The Corn Exchange Street Wing will be built 
so soon as funds are forthcoming. 

This rapid sketch will give some idea of the way in which 
these buildings have been extended and developed. We will 
next describe the different Departments, supposing the visitor 
to have entered the grounds through the iron gates in Pembroke 
Street and to begin (^right of the gate of entrance) with 



The Medical School. 

For 18 years after the appointment of a Professor of 
Pathology (in 1884), that science was housed, with Medicine, 
Surgery, and Midwifery, in the range of old buildings (mentioned 
above) which had been discarded by the Professors of Anatomy, 
Botany, and Chemistry, in turn. 

The New Medical Buildings (for history see above) afford 
accommodation for teaching and research-work in Pharma- 
cology, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine — both curative and 
preventive. When completed they will be in the shape of 
an irregular L. One limb, with the main entrance, faces 
Downing Street; the other limb will face Corn Exchange 
Street. In the Downing Street Wing Pharmacology, Surgery, 
Medicine, Midwifery, Morbid Histology, Experimental Patho- 
logy, Hygiene and Medical Jurisprudence are accommodated. 
The greater part of the Pathological Department will be 
housed in the Corn Exchange Street Wing. 

The Museum, situated at the angle, and placed obliquely 
to the other wings, is 62 feet long, 38 feet broad. Here will 
be housed the Humphry Collection, which will be well displayed 
in this convenient and well-lighted building. Below the main 
Museum is a type-Museum, whilst the floor above is devoted 
to the display of specimens to be accessible to the student of 
Pathology. The large lecture-theatre accommodates about 200 
students. It is entirely lighted and ventilated by artificial 
means. 



144 



The Medical ScJiool 




MEDICAL SCHOOL: HUMPHRY MUSEUM, 1904. 



The Medical School 145 

Above this theatre is the Library, which may also serve for 
examinations ; it is lighted from the roof. The book-cases are 
blocked in stacks on either side of the room, each separate case 
being moveable, so that it may be pulled forward to give access 
to the shelves. 

In the basement are good workshops, store-rooms, combus- 
tion and other experimental rooms, photographic rooms, and 
accommodation for tlie engines, heating plant, and the electric 
lighting and ventilation installations. 

On the ground-floor are provided experimental and research 
rooms, demonstration, preparation and work-rooms for Surgery, 
and private rooms for the Lecturers in Medicine, Surgery, Mid- 
wifery and Medical Jurisprudence. On the first-floor are 
work-rooms for Pharmacology and Pathology, a small well- 
lighted lecture-theatre, private rooms for the Eegius Professor 
of Physic, the Downing Professor of Medicine, and the Professor 
of Surgery, and rooms for classes in Medicine and Surgery. 
Here also are excellent Pharmacological Laboratories, and a 
small Museum for the storage of specimens in Materia Medica. 
Two of these will be temporarily occupied by the Pathological 
Department until the building is completed. 

On the second-floor are the class-room for Morbid Histology, 
preparation room, rooms for experimental and clinical patho- 
logical work, rooms for the Professor and Demonstrator of 
Pathology, the Lecturer on Bacteriology and Preventive 
Medicine, and the John Lucas Walker Research Scholar. 

A collection of morbid specimens, prepared by Kaiserling's 
formalin method, some of which are exhibited in the large 
practical class room, are of interest and great beauty, as they 
retain their natural colouring. A view of these will repay 
a visit to the Pathological Laboratory. 

In all the research rooms and practical class rooms hot and 
cold water, gas, and electric light have been laid on to the 
tables, and arrangements have been made for the reception of 
"pressure" and "exhaust" pipes. The fittings in all the 
rooms are simple and inexpensive, but strong and well suited 
for the purpose for which they are designed. 

Concrete floors have been used throughout, the paving 

being of wood block and granolithic cement, with glazed 

surface channels to take the waste immediately outside. All 

the supply pipes and electric wires are carried in covered chases 

c. 10 



146 Zoology 

and can be reached without breaking the walls or floors. The 
walls and ceilings are finished smooth in adamant cement, all 
angles are rounded, the skirtings and cornices plain hollows. 
The doors and furniture are made plain and flat, with no 
mouldings or projections to carry dust. The window sashes, of 
cast-iron, are so divided as to give proper light for microscope 
work, except in the smaller lecture-theatres and Museum, 
where a new form of lead glazing has been used. 

These buildings are heated and ventilated by means of 
warmed or cooled air driven in on the Plenum system. 

The part of the building not yet begun, but urgently needed, 
is designed to afibrd additional accommodation for Pathology 
and Physiological Chemistry. Hygiene also will be housed here 
until the University can afibrd to build an Institute of 
Hygiene. 

The teachers of Clinical Medicine and Surgery give their 
instruction at Addenbrooke's Hospital, to which a small Clinical 
Laboratory under the charge of the Professor of Pathology has 
recently been added. 

There are about 500 students preparing for Medical and 
Surgical Degrees, but the larger number of these take the later 
stages of their Clinical Studies in the London Hospitals, 
returning to Cambridge for their final examinations. In each 
year there is an increasing number of medical students who 
stay in Cambridge for two extra terms to study Pharmacology, 
Pathology, and the elementary methods employed in Medical 
and Surgical diagnosis, in order that they may early acquire a 
knowledge of scientific methods of investigation and treatment, 
and that they may be prepared to utilise to the full the large 
field for clinical observation offered to them in London. 

Zoology. 

The Department of Zoology can be entered from the 
door (A) in the east wing of the main building ; or from the 
door (B) in the south-east corner of the court (see plan, p. 141). 

The ground-floor of the east building {right of door A) is 
occupied by store-rooms, work-rooms, and the private rooms 
of the Superintendent, etc.; and (left), (1) private room of 
the Professor of Zoology; (2) staircase leading to gallery 
of Museum, Bird Room, Department of Physiology, etc.; 
(3) Lecture-room. 



Museum of Zoology 147 

Opposite to the latter is the door leading to the 

Museum or Zoology. 

Principal room, ground-floor. 

The collection of skeletons of Vertebrates was begun by Sir Busick 
Harwood, M.D., Professor of Anatomy (1785-1814) ; but it owes its 
present development to the exertions of Wm. Clark, M.D., Professor of 
Anatomy (1817-66), of Professor Newton, of J. W. Clark, M.A., 
Superintendent (1866-91), and of Dr Harmer, the present Superintendent. 
The bust of Professor Clark faces you as you enter. 

The collection has outgrown the room ; and therefore it 
has been found impossible to carry out completely any 
definite zoological arrangement, or even (in many cases) to 
place together the larger and smaller skeletons, skulls, and 
separate bones. The following groups, or isolated specimens, 
deserve special attention ; 

1. Cetagea (in wall-case left of door, and suspended from roof). 
Note the skeleton of a Fin- Whale [Balaenoptera viusculus), and of a 
Narwhal [Monodon monoceros) with two tusks. A series of organs in 
spirit has been placed near the osteology, with stuffed specimens, 
models, and special parts, as whalebone, teeth, etc., so that the internal 
and external structure may be studied together. 

2. Proboscidea (in wall-case right of entrance, and on stage in centre 
of room). Note the skeletons of the Indian and African Elephants side by 
side, with bones, tusks and molar teeth of Mastodon and other extinct 
forms. 

3. SiRENiA (in and on wall-case right of entrance, and suspended from 
roof). Note the skeleton of the extinct Northern Manatee {Rhytina 
stelleri), partly of the real bones, partly restored. 

4. PiNNiPEDiA (in and on wall-case at end of room, right, in front 
of same). Note the extensive series of skeletons and skulls of this 
group, the skeletons of the Jamaica Seal {Monachus tropicalis) and the 
Sea Elephant [Morunga elephantina), and the stuffed specimens of the 
Northern Fur Seal {Otaria ursina). 

5. Ungulata (in wall-case at end of room (left), on floor right and 
left of entrance, skulls and horns suspended on walls or edge of gallery- 
floor). 

Note the series of sub-fossil forms from the Fens of Cambridgeshire 
and adjacent Counties ; including an almost unique associated skeleton 
of Urus {Bos primi genius), with two skeletons and a long series of antlers 
of Eed Deer {Gervus elaphus). Skeletons oi three races of Wild Cattle, 
the Chilliugham, Chartley, and Cadzow, have been placed near that of 
the Urus ; while skeletons of the European and American Bisons are 
near skulls and horn-cores of the Bison from the Cambridgeshire gravels. 

Note also the skeletons of different species of Boar (wall-case at end 

10—2 



148 Museum of Zoology 

of room, table-case), and of Hippopotamus, with allied forms from the 
gravel (floor, table-case), and skeleton of the extinct Hippopotamiis 
lemerlei from Madagascar. 

The odd-toed Ungulata are represented by skeletons of Khinoceros : 
note that of the White Rhinoceros {R. sivms), Tapir, Horse, etc., with 
extinct forms represented bj^ the actual bones, or by casts (floor and 
table-case). 

6. Edentata (in table-case and on adjoining floor). Note remains 
of Glyptodon and a nearly complete skeleton of Megatherium, presented 
by A. E. Currie, Esq., of Buenos Ayres. 

7. EoDENTiA. Note representatives of the chief groups from the 
Capybara [Hydrochoerus) downwards, including a nearly perfect skeleton 
of the Beaver [Castor fiber) from the Fens in this neighbourhood. 

8. MarsupiaijIA (in detached case, table-cases). Note the series of 
specimens by which this group is represented, including nearly all the 
Australian forms, extinct and living, and especially those of the mole-like 
Marsupial, Notoryctes typhlops, and of the S. American Gaenolestes 
ohscurus. 

9. MoNOTKEBiATA (in glazcd case against wall, left). Note the speci- 
mens of Proechidna brmjni. 

The Gallery contains Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia : and a 
comparative series of organs of Mammaha in spirit derived 
(in part) from the collections of Sir Busick Harwood; Dr 
Macartney, Professor of Anatomy in Trinity College, Dublin, 
and Professor Schroder van der Kolk, of Utrecht, but largely 
increased in recent years by preparations made in the labora- 
tory attached to the Museum. 

Among the Fishes note some beautiful specimens of 
Lepidos'iren paradoxa, recently collected in the Paraguayan 
Chaco, by J. Graham Kerr, M.A., Fellow of Christ's College. 

A series of Fishes collected by Charles Darwin, M.A,, F.E.S., of 
Christ's College, during the voyage of the Beagle, is kept in closed 
oases in the gallery of the Bird Eoom. 

Among the Reptilia note the skeleton and stuffed specimen 
of the gigantic Aldabra Tortoise {Testudo elephantind), pre- 
sented by the late Lord Lilford, and casts of Iguanodon 
hernissartensis, recently presented by H. M. the King of the 
Belgians, temporarily placed in the Lecture-room of Compara- 
tive Anatomy. It is hoped to remove them before long to the 
Museum, when funds are available for the building of a much 
needed extension. 

The Invertebrate Annexe, on the east side of the principal 
room, has Molluscs and Tunicates on the ground-floor, and the 
rest of the Invertebrates in the gallery. 



Museum of Zoology 149 

This part of the collection consists of : 

1. Specimens selected as an educational series, including a number 
of preparations in spirit, exhibited by the Naples Zoological Station at 
the Fisheries Exhibition in London (1883) and bought by the University. 

Note also (at north end of room) the beginning of an exhibited series 
of (A) Insects in general ; (B) British Insects. 

2. Special collections : principally of Mollusca and Foraminifera. 
The Molluscan series includes the collections of S. P. Woodward, 

author of the Manual of the Mollusca (bought 1866) ; of Robert MacAndrew, 
F.R.S. (bequeathed 1873) ; and of Miss Jane Saul (bequeathed 1895) ; 
and contains numerous type-specimens or figured specimens. 

No less interesting is the collection of Foraminifera, formed by 
Mr H. B. Brady, F.R.S., and bequeathed by him to the University. 
Besides a very large number of slides kept in cabinets, a fine selection of 
specimens, with illustrative figures, was arranged by Mr Brady himself 
shortly before his death, and is exhibited in the gallery. 

The collection of Polyzoa (not exhibited) is based on the donations of 
Miss E. C. Jelly, author of the Synonymic Catalogue of Marine, Bryozoa, 
but it includes numerous specimens received from other sources. 

The Insects (kept in the Curator's private room and not 
shewn to the general public) are comprised in the collections 
of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (given to the Uni- 
versity 1860) ; of the late G. R. Crotch, M.A., S. John's 
College ; of Miss Walcott, and others. 

In the Bird Room, on an upper floor, is lodged the 
Ornithological Museum. This originated with the general 
collection of the well-known zoologist William Swainson, 
containing most of the typical specimens described by him. 
Through the activity of the late Professor Sir George Paget it 
was secured for the University in 1840, and was at first placed, 
together with a fine collection from Australia made by Capt. 
Blackwood, R.N., in an apartment of the Cockerell Building 
of the University Library, originally intended for a Zoological 
Museum ; but, owing to the increase of the geological 
collections in the adjoining room, it was removed in 1855 
by the then Vice-Chancellor (Dr Whewell) to the ground- 
floor of the Pitt Press, where it suffered much damage from 
damp. On the completion in 1865 of the new Museum 
of Zoology, both collections were placed in it ; and imme- 
diately after, those possessed by the Philosophical Society, 
containing among others a nearly perfect series of "British 
Birds," were transferred to the same room. In 1867 the 
Museum received a great addition in the general collection 



150 Museum of Zoology 

of Hugh Edwin Strickland (containing more than 6000 speci- 
mens referable to 3000 species), a catalogue of which by the late 
0. Salvin, M. A., of Trinity Hall (the first Strickland Curator), 
was published in 1882 ; and another addition in 1869, by the 
deposit by the trustees of Prideaux John Selby (author of 
many works on Natural History) of his collection, which 
contains a long series of specimens obtained in South Africa 
by Sir Andrew Smith; while in 1870, the large collection 
formed in California and British Columbia by the late James 
Hepburn, of S. John's College, was presented by his devisees. 
The extensive series of specimens from Madagascar and the 
Mascarene Islands, collected by the late Sir Edward Newton, 
of Magdalene College, including the most perfect skeletons of 
the Dodo and of the Solitaire of Eodriguez to be seen in 
England, beside remains of many other extinct species, and a 
very considerable set of specimens of those which survive, has 
been added at various times; as well as a large number 
illustrating the expiring faunas of New Zealand and the 
Sandwich Islands, the former chiefly through the kindness 
of Sir James Hector, Capt. Hutton, and Sir Walter Buller, 
the latter through the liberality of Mr Scott B. Wilson, late 
of Magdalene College, and of the Joint Committee of the 
Royal Society and the British Association for the Zoological 
exploration of that Archipelago. A considerable portion of 
the ornithological collections of Henry Guillemard, M.D., of 
Gonville and Caius College, including a fine series of Birds 
of Paradise, made during the voyage of the Marchesa, is 
also in the Museum. 

The arrangement of the Bird Room requires some explana- 
tion. In the cases along the west and north walls is displayed 
the mounted series of "British Birds," while those in the 
middle and along the east wall of the room contain mounted 
specimens from the general collection, according to the taxo- 
nomic views of Dr Gadow, F.R.S. (the Strickland Curator); 
some cases being devoted to preparations illustrative of mor- 
phology. The cabinets underneath the glass cases contain 
the general collection of unmounted skins and skeletons ; 
while in a compartment along the south wall is placed the 
Strickland collection of unmounted skins. 

Turn left on leaving the Museum of Zoology and go up 
the staircase to the first-floor; or, if you have last visited the 



Physiological Laboratory 151 

BiRP Room, you have one flight only to mount in order to 
reach the 

Physiological Laboratory. 

The rooms used by the Department of Physiology, though 
in connection with each other, are somewhat widely scattered 
over various floors of an extended block of buildings, of which 
one portion faces towards Downing Street, while the remainder 
abuts on Corn Exchange Street. 

In the former the rooms are situated on the middle floor, 
and are reached by the staircase described above. The first 
room to be entered is the private room of the Professor, but it 
also contains the library, in which there is a very complete 
collection of standard journals and current works of reference. 
Next to this is a small workshop, suflicing for the simpler 
repairs of daily breakages. Adjoining is the room devoted to 
research-vivisections, and beyond this a larger room divisible 
by curtains into smaller portions for research-purposes. Here 
also at present are placed the pump and apparatus for gas- 
analysis. The remaining four rooms on this floor are used for 
private and experimental purposes by the senior staft' of the 
Laboratory, and contain also the chief part of the more 
elaborate research-apparatus. 

Beyond the rooms so far described is the chemical labora- 
tory for advanced students, one corner of which is walled off" 
so as to provide a dark room for photographic and similar 
purposes. Leading out of the advanced chemical laboratory 
is a long room facing towards Corn Exchange Street, and used 
for teaching Histology to the senior students. A striking 
feature here is the economy of space obtained by the intro- 
duction of a gallery, which nearly doubles the accommodation, 
while making the room barely one-third larger than it need 
otherwise be. Connected with one end of this class-room are 
several smaller ones for histological preparation and research. 
Running parallel to the latter is one long room fitted with 
running-gear, drums, pendulum myographs, etc., and con- 
taining all the appliances necessary for teaching to large 
classes, both elementary and advanced, the ordinary funda- 
mental phenomena of Experimental Physiology ; here also are 
the galvanometers for class-work. Connected with this room 



152 Human Anatomy 

is a small one devoted to experimental work on the special 
senses. 

On the floor above the portions just described are situated 
the two rooms reserved entirely for teaching Histology and 
Chemistry to the elementary students. Of these the histo- 
logical class-room is remarkable for the economy of space 
provided by the gallery and the rest of the seating, and for 
the uniform excellence of the lighting. 

On the ground-floor of this part of the building is a 
demonstration theatre, with seats arranged so that a large 
number of students can obtain a clear view of experiments 
subsequent to and in illustration of the various lectures, both 
elementary and advanced. Adjoining this on the one side 
are three small rather ill-lighted rooms for preparation and 
research, and on the other side there is the main lecture- 
room, used conjointly by the Professors of Anatomy and 
Physiology. 

In the basement there is a gas-engine, which drives a large 
and very eflicient centrifugal machine and provides motor 
power for the running-gear in the experimental class-room 
and elsewhere. 

At the end of this range, beyond the large lecture-theatre, 
are the rooms allotted to 

Human Anatomy. 

This Department can be entered either directly from the Court, or 
from the Lecture-theatre. The latter also communicates with the 
Departments of Physiology and Human Anatomy, and has a separate 
entrance from the Court. 

The ground-floor of the Department of Human Anatomy 
contains store-rooms, preparation rooms, and the private room 
of the Professor. 

On the first-floor is the Museum, 75 feet long, by 60 feet 
broad, chiefly occupied by the large collection of crania of the 
different Races of Man. The number of skalls in this collection 
at present exceeds 4000. Note, right of entrance, the British 
series, including the collection made by Dr Thurnam, in which 
are many of the type-specimens described in Crania Britannica. 
There is also a large series of Ancient British skulls from a 
burying-place of the Iceni near Brandon, as well as other 



Mineralogy 153 

important series of Roman, Anglian, Saxon and Medieval 
crania. In the middle of the room is a long case running 
E. and W., containing skeletons illustrative of the osteology 
of the races of man ; and beside this are four large cases 
containing the foreign series of crania. The most noteworthy 
portions of this are the Cooper collection of ornamented crania 
from New Britain ; the Willey collection of Melanesian crania 
from New Britain ; the Flinders Petrie series of Egyptian 
skulls of the fifth and eighteenth dynasties, of the period 
of the Ptolemies, and of the early Christian period ; the Budge 
collection of Egyptian skulls of tlie twelfth, eighteenth, and 
twenty-first dynasties ; and the Green collection of modern 
Egyptian crania. The Egyptian collection numbers altogether 
more than 1500 specimens. There is also an interesting series 
from the N.-W. Provinces of India, presented by Prof Havelock 
Charles ; from N.-W. America collected by Mr Hepburn ; and 
from Peru, collected by Consul Hutchinson. 

In the other cases are specimens illustrating variations in 
human osteology ; and in an annexe are models used for 
teaching-purposes. On the same landing is the Anthropo- 
logical Laboratory. 

On the second-floor is the Histological Laboratory and the 
Gallery of the Museum, in which are numerous dissections 
and preparations illustrative of visceral anatomy, including the 
dissections by Dr Lee of the nerves of the heart. In the 
annexe to the Gallery is a collection of human bones mounted 
and displayed for teaching-purposes. 

On the third-floor is the Dissecting-room, a spacious 
apartment fitted with electric light and capable of accom- 
modating 250 students. 

Mineralogy. 

From the Department of Human Anatomy cross the court, and visit 
the Museum of Mineralogy. To reach this you can either ascend the 
staircase in the north-west angle of the court (Door D), or that at the 
opposite end (C). In the following description you are supposed to have 
ascended the latter staircase, and to have entered at the south end (see 
plan, p. 141). 

On entering the Museum note in the window {right) a 
small case containing a valuable collection of Meteorites. 

On the end wall {left) is a glazed case, containing a series 
of polished agates, serpentines, and ornamental stones, together 



154 Mineralogy 

with a number of other specimens remarkable for size and 
beauty. Note in the first compartment some slabs of Labra- 
dorite, and implements made of New Zealand Jade ; a large 
transparent cleavage-flake from a twin crystal of Gypsum is a 
prominent feature of the third ; while further on is a suite of 
fiue green and purple crystals of Fluor Spar. 

The general collection, which the University owes largely to 
the munificence of many individual benefactors, contains 
specimens formerly in the possession of Dr Clarke and Dr 
Wollaston, Messrs Warburton, Forbes-Young, and Sir Abraham 
Hume. The collection belonging to the latter, presented in 
1841 by Viscount Alford, was catalogued upwards of a century 
ago by Count Bournon, and the manuscript is preserved in the 
Museum. Recent discoveries are well represented in a very 
large and valuable collection presented to the University by 
the Rev. T. Wiltshire, Hon. Sc.D. ; while Cornish minerals 
form the distinctive feature of the Carne collection from 
Penzance purchased by subscription in 1899. 

The minerals are arranged according to their chemical 
composition, but the order in which they are placed is liable to 
alteration. 

In the first table-case may be noted groups of Stibnite 
from Japan and good crystals of Galena and Blende, including 
fine specimens of the latter mineral from the Binnenthal. The 
rest of the Sulj)hides will be found in case II. Among them 
are typical specimens of Chalcopyrite, Bournonite, and Fahlerz 
from Cornwall, and a unique twin of Mispickel from the same 
district. 

The Fluors (case III) are a fine series, British localities 
being well represented. In the same case are the rare 
oxy chlorides, Matlockite and Mendipite ; and on the other 
side are exhibited many well-developed crystals of quartz, 
as also specimens of amethyst, jasper, opal, etc. Passing by 
Hematite, Corundum (with its two varieties Ruby and Sapphire), 
the Spinels and Chrysoberyl, we reach Cassiterite ; the series 
includes many Cornish Tinstones. 

The numerous varieties of Calcite occupy the whole of case 
VI ; the Cumberland, Dauphind and Hartz specimens are 
interesting. Note also the Chalybite from Cornwall, the 
Sicilian Aragonite, and the beautiful groups of Azurite, which, 
with the rest of the Carbonates, are to be found in case VII. 



Zoological Laboratory 155 

Case VII also contains fine specimens of Apatite, Pyro- 
morphite and Mimetite, while many of the rarer Cornish 
minerals, such as Liroconite and Ludlamite, are well re- 
presented among the phosphates and arsenates in the next two 
cases. 

The small covered wall-case at the end of this room contains 
a large series of Redruthites, which are liable to alteration 
when exposed to light. 

The crystallography of the Felspars is illustrated in the 
wall-case in the next room by an exceptionally fine series of 
specimens. 

In the next table-case are many large crystals of Beryl and 
Garnet, including a green crystal of the former mineral on the 
matrix from the Mourne Mts., Co. Down. 

The Topazes, Axinites, Euclases, the Apophyllite from 
India and some of the Zeolites are also worthy of attention. 

The remaining cases are devoted to the sulphates and 
elements ; the former are chiefly represented by Barytes from 
Cumberland, Celestine from Sicily and Gloucestershire, and by 
many good crystals of Gypsum. Among the elements we may 
notice a diamond on the matrix from Kimberley. In the same 
case are placed numerous crystals of Gold. The wall-case 
contains the rest of the elements. 

In this room are placed two cabinets containing the Brooke 
collection, remarkable for the perfection of its specimens : it 
afforded the late Professor Miller material for many of his 
researches. 

Adjoining the Museum are the private rooms of the Pro- 
fessor, a lecture-room, etc. On the ground-floor are laboratories 
and demonstration-rooms. 

ZooLOGiOAL Laboratory. 

To reach this Laboratory ascend the same staircase (Door C) as that 
which leads to the Museum of Mineralogy, on the floor above which it is 
situated. 

In the autumn of 1875 Professor Newton put his private 
room at the disposal of F. M. Balfour, M.A., of Trinity College, 
and A. M. Marshall, M.A., of S. John's College, in order that 
they might give practical instruction in Comparative Anatomy, 
This room, now used as the Balfour Library, was large enough 
to accommodate a class of about 12 students. In a year or 



156 Cavendish Laboratory of Experimental Physics 

two more space was required ; and the Laboratory, which after 
the first year was conducted by Balfour alone, Marshall having 
left Cambridge, entered upon a series of removals, until at last 
it came to rest in the smaller of the two rooms into which it is 
now divided, that, namely, which occupies the upper floor of 
the central building towards Downing Street. The construction 
of this room for the special use of Mr Balfour was sanctioned 
by the Senate 11 May, 1882 : on which day they also estab- 
lished a chair of Animal Morphology, of which he was the first 
occupant, elected 31 May, 1882. Professor Balfour met his 
death by a fall in the Alps during the following summer, and 
did not see his room completed. It was first used in the 
Michaelmas Term, 1882. 

This room, with the two adjacent private rooms, sufficed, 
for the Zoological classes of the University until 1884 ; but in 
that year the establishment of the class in Elementary Biology, 
and the increase in the classes of Zoology, rendered necessary 
the erection of the large Laboratory above the Museum of 
Mineralogy. Three rooms, at present used as the Advanced 
Laboratory, the Biological and the Zoological Laboratories, 
were then built, and of late years, in consequence of the 
increase in the number of zoological workers, several smaller 
rooms over part of the Department of Physiology and others 
from the old Botanical Laboratory have been annexed to the 
Zoological Laboratory, for purposes of research. The present 
Laboratory affords accommodation for about 130 students, 
and for about 17 persons engaged in zoological research. 

After Balfour's death his Library was given to the Labora- 
tory by his sister, Mrs Sidgwick. This was placed in a room 
on the floor below the main Laboratory, and is called the 
Balfour Library. Since its institution it has been main- 
tained by the Department. 

The Laboratory contains a bronze bust of Balfour, by 
Hildebrandt of Florence, presented by J. W. Clark, M.A., 
Trinity College, and Professor Darwin. 

Cavendish Laboratory of Experimental Physics. 

Entered from Free School Lane (plan, p. 141, E). Entrance left 
under the gateway. 

The older part of the Laboratory is that to the north of 
the entrance in Free School Lane. 



Cavendish Laboratory of Exjyerimetital Physics 157 

The basement contains the workshops and the battery- 
room. Special care is taken to make the workshops as 
efficient as possible, as in a laboratory where a good deal of 
original research is carried on it is of the greatest importance 
to have the means of maldng the requisite apparatus in the 
laboratory itself. The room for standardizing resistance coils, 
and a suite of four rooms used by those engaged in original 
research, are also on this floor. 







CAVENDISH LABORATORY. 



158 Cavendish Laboratory of Experimental Physics 

As you ascend the staircase note the portrait of his 
Grace the Duke of Devonshire, donor of the Laboratory, by 
Miss Humphry, after Watts. This picture was formerly at 
Cavendish College, and when that institution was closed 
was presented by the Trustees to the Laboratory. Near 
to this hang the portraits of J. Clerk Maxwell, M.A., first 
Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, by Mrs Black- 
burne, and of J. J. Thomson the present Professor, by A. 
Hacker. Here are also photographs of Henry Cavendish, Lord 
Kelvin, Lord Rayleigh, Sir George Stokes, and the certificate 
of the Volta prize awarded to Clerk Maxwell. 

The first-floor contains a large lecture-room, with a room 
adjoining for the preparation of lecture experiments ; two 
large rooms in which demonstrations for students preparing 
for the first part of the Natural Sciences Tripos are held, and 
a large apparatus-room. The apparatus includes many pieces 
of historical interest ; among which may be mentioned, 
Maxwell's original model of the dynamical top, his model to 
illustrate the induction of electric currents, his model of 
Saturn's rings, the coil which he used to determine the 
absolute measure of the resistance of the ohm, as well as 
the larger coil used by Lord Eayleigh and Mrs Sidgwick for 
the same purpose ; a portion of Babbage's calculating machine ; 
the system of levers used by Wollaston to solidify platinum 
dust ; and an old Italian thermometer, presented by Babbage. 

On the second-floor there is a large room used for 
demonstrations to advanced students, a dark room for photo- 
graphy, and a number of small rooms used by students doing 
original research. 

The new part of the Laboratory, on the south side of the 
entrance from Free School Lane, contains a very large room 
used for demonstrations to large classes of medical students, 
underground rooms for experiments requiring a constant 
temperature, a small lecture-room, the library, and the 
Professor's private room. This part of the building will be 
completed by the addition of another floor, so soon as funds 
are available. 

On leaving the Cavendish Laboratory, turn to the left 
along Free School Lane (so called because the free Grammar 
School, erected from funds bequeathed by Dr Perse (see p. 1) 
originally stood in it), until you reach the department of 



Mechanism and Engineering 159 



Mechanism and Engineering. 

This Laboratory was opened in 1894, to meet the requirements of 
students taking the then newly-established Mechanical Sciences Tripos. 
The University Workshops, which adjoin the Laboratory, were purchased 
by the University in 1886. The cost of building the new Laboratory was 
in great part met by public subscription, which included a gift of £1000 
from the present Chancellor, the Duke of Devonshire, and many of the 
more expensive pieces of plant have been gifts. In 1901 the north wing 
was added in memory of the late Dr John Hopkinson, of Trinity College, 
at a cost of £5000, the gift of his widow and family. Further extensions, 
comprising a new drawing-office, lecture-theatre, and mechanical labora- 
tory, were opened in October, 1903. These extensions were rendered 
possible by the removal of Botany to the Downing site (see below). 

During recent years the number of students attending the 
Engineering department has rapidly increased ; the number is 
now fully 200. The teaching is carried on by the Professor, 
two Lecturers and nine Demonstrators, with workshop-in- 
structors in carpentry, pattern-making, fitting, and forging. 
Lectures are given on the subjects of the Mechanical Sciences 
Tripos, namely, Mathematics, Mechanics, Strength of Materials 
and Theory of Structures, Principles of Mechanism, Heat and 
Heat-Engines, Applied Electricity ; along with practical work 
in Mechanics and Elasticity, Heat, Surveying, Drawing, Me- 
chanics, and Electricity. 

The rooms now in use comprise, in addition to two large 
lecture- theatres and a number of class-rooms : 

(1) The Steam Laboratory, which is furnished with a 
number of steam-engines of different types arranged for ex- 
perimental use, air-engines, gas-engines, oil-engine, steam- 
turbine, refrigerating machines, dynamo-electric machines for 
continuous and alternating currents. 

(2) The boiler house, with two steam-boilers for the 
supply of the experimental engines. 

(3) The Elasticity Laboratory, which contains a 50-ton 
testing machine and other smaller machines for testing the 
strength of the materials used in Engineering construction, 
many appliances for measurements of Elasticity, and a set of 
tanks, turbines, pumps, and apparatus for Hydraulic experi- 
ments. 

(4) The Mechanical Laboratory, containing apparatus for 
mechanical experiments and measurements. 



160 Chemical Laboratory 

(5) The Electrical Laboratories, furnished with numerous 
dynamos, motors and appliances for practical electrical tests 
and measurements. A large part of the electrical plant has 
been presented by the British Westinghouse Company, Messrs 
Siemens Brothers, and other electrical engineers. 

(6) The Museum, containing a number of models of 
mechanical motions, most of which were designed and con- 
structed by the late Professor Willis, whose Elements of 
Mechanism was one of the earliest works treating of this 
subject. 

(7) The Drawing Office, where instruction is given in 
engineering, drawing, and design. 

The Workshops contain a large number of screw-cutting 
lathes and other machine tools. The ground-floor is used for 
turning and fitting, forging, and instrument-making; the upper 
floor for carpentry and pattern-making. 

On leaving the Engineering Laboratory turn left along 
Free School Lane, and again left along Downing Street, until 
you reach the 

Chemical Laboratory. 

Entered from Downing Street (see plan, p. 141, G). 

The architect of this Laboratory was compelled to work 
under two conditions : (1) that nothing which was needful 
to render the interior as well fitted as possible for the special 
use for which it was intended should be sacrificed to architec- 
tural effect: (2) that his building should not interfere with the 
ancient lights of the neighbours. These conditions will account 
for the plainness of the style and the irregularity in the height 
of the difierent parts. 

The material is Ancaster stone, or red brick with Ancaster 
stone dressings. 

On entering the principal building from Downing Street 
you ascend a short flight of steps to a vestibule with marble 
columns, and a floor paved with tesserae — the only attempt at 
ornamentation in the whole building. Note the glass cases 
containing specimens illustrative of the metallurgy of iron, 
steel, lead, etc. Entered from this vestibule are two small 
lecture-rooms (left)^ and the suite of elementary laboratories 



Chemical Laboratory 



161 



{right). ^ These latter consist of three large rooms communi- 
cating with one another : 

1. The largest and most northerly, accessible by a 
separate entrance at that end, is 62 feet long by 45 feet 




11 



162 Chemical Laboratory 

wide, and contains benclies for 84 students. Most of these 
divide their time between chemistry and physics, and the 
same bench is occupied by two students coming on alternate 
days, so that the accommodation is practically sufficient for 
168. The cupboards and drawers at each bench are in 
duplicate, so that every student can lock up his own pre- 
parations. This room is used mainly for qualitative analysis. 
At the north-west corner is a small octagonal room with 
windows on seven sides, so that a thorough draught can always 
be had, no matter what wind is blowing. It is intended for 
work with such choking chemicals as chlorine and bromine. 
In it the operator can always get to windward of the fumes. 

2. The middle room of the suite, intended for the making 
of gases, accommodates 24 students at least. 

3. The elementary quantitative laboratory, with benches 
for 38 students. It is connected by a lobby with the balance- 
room. 

The ventilation of these rooms is effected by the tall 
chimney-shaft, 100 feet high and 6 feet square in internal 
section. 

Return to the Hall and visit the two lecture-rooms {left). 
Each will seat 70 persons. Behind them are the preparation- 
room, and the specimen-room ; and beyond these again a 
third lecture-room forming the main part of the building, of 
less height, on the left of the street elevation. It seats 250 
persons. This room has a separate entrance from Downing 
Street, and also from the yard behind. 

Return again to the Hall, and ascend the staircase. In 
the mezzanine is a room for organic analyses, over the balance- 
room, and also the Professor's private room. On the first-floor 
are laboratories for 20 advanced students, over the elementary 
laboratories (2), (3), on the floor below. Also over the largest 
elementary laboratory (1) is the laboratory for medical students 
in pharmaceutical and hygienic chemistry. This room ac- 
commodates 32 students. On this level are also a research 
laboratory for organic chemistry ; a lecture-room ; and the 
private room of the Jacksonian Professor. Other rooms, at 
a higher level, are used for special research, as a library, and 
as dwelling-rooms for two assistants and a housekeeper. Here, 
too, space is found for mounting one of Rowland's large concave 
gratings of 21 feet focal length, for spectroscopic work. 



The Squire Laiv Library and Law School 163 

In the basemeut are boilers which supply steam for heating 
the whole building, and for two small engines which drive the 
dynamo, air-pumps and other machinery ; also laboratories for 
metallurgical chemistry and assaying, and for agricultural 
chemistry, and various store-rooms. 

On leaving the Chemical Laboratory, visit the buildings 
on the Downing site. To reach these turn to the left along 
Downing Street, until you are opposite to the Squire Law 
Library, easily recognised by five lofty windows. Beneath 
this Library three round arches give access to the quadrangle. 
Turn to the right on entering, and visit first 

The Squire Law Library, and Law School. 

The public teaching of law was carried on in this University from the 
most ancient times in what is still called The Schools Quadrangle (see 
above, p. 6). On the ground-floor of the south side were the original 
Schools of Law (probably Civil Law and Canon Law) ; and there the 
School of Civil Law remained when a new School of Canon Law had 
been built, about 1470, on the west side of the quadrangle. The study of 
Canon Law was forbidden by King Henry VIII in 1535 ; but to Civil 
Law he assigned a Readership in 1540. In the course of the last century 
the more obviously useful subjects of English Law and International Law 
were added to Civil Law, as part of the recognised course of study for 
University degrees ; but the latter is still *' read " by its Eegius Professor, 
and, in all probability, will always retain its position as part of the liberal 
education desirable for a high class lawyer. Further, the oral instruction 
of former times has been greatly improved and extended by the ap- 
pointments of a Downing Professor of the Laws of England, a Whewell 
Professor of International Law, a Reader in English Law, and a number 
of able College lecturers. 

This increase in the number of teachers has, of coui'se, been correlated 
with a corresponding increase in the number of pupils ; and not only 
would the old School have become wholly inadequate, even if it had not 
been required for the University Library, but there was no space in or 
near it for a special legal library, suitable to the enlarged requirements of 
the Legal Faculty. 

Several efforts to obtain a central site for a new Law School were 
made, but without success ; and when part of the Downing Site was 
offered, it was decided to accept it, notwithstanding the incongruity of 
placing Law side by side with Science. Many distinguished lawyers 
offered help, and rather more than £2000 was received, with which sum, 
joined to what the University could afford, a building of modest dimen- 
sions and unpretending character was projected. 

While this scheme was being debated, the University received a 
munificent bequest from Miss Eebecca Flower Squire. By her Will 
ample funds were left to the University for the foundation of Scholarships 

11—2 



164 The Squire Law Library and Law School 




SQUIRE LAW LIBRARY, 1904. 



The Botany School 165 

in Law, and for the provision of a Law Library, with furniture and books 
for the same. 

The University, thus relieved from the expense of providing a Library, 
was enabled to meet the other requirements of the legal Faculty, and to 
build a spacious Law School, so arranged as to be obviously distinct from 
the Squire Library, but to be approached by an external staircase belong- 
ing to the latter, and erected out of Miss Squire's bequest. 

The Squire Library, with the adjoining Law School, has 
been designed by Mr T. G. Jackson, R.A., architect, who is 
also the architect of the adjoining Sedgwick Museum. The 
Library, with its three archways, forms an imposing centre to 
the fagade of the new quadrangle. 

The main repository for books — still unfinished — is a lofty 
room measuring 85 feet long by 30 feet broad, with cases 
projecting between the windows at right angles to the walls, 
and galleries at each end. An upper storey, with a height, in 
the centre, of 14 feet, will serve to contain duplicates, and, on 
occasion, may be used for purposes of examination. 

Note, on the street fagade, a tablet bearing the arms granted 
to "The Lawe Reader" in 1540 ; and over the door by which 
the staircase is entered, a noble figure of Justice, by Mr 
Pegram, A.R.A., with the mottoes Justitia elevat gentem, 
and Discite justitiam moniti. 

Cross the quadrangle, the west side of which has been 
reserved for the Museum of General and Local Archeology 
and of Ethnology, and visit 

The Botany School. 

The new building for the above School, formally opened by 
their Majesties the King and Queen, 1 March, 1904, was 
designed by W. C. Marshall, M.A. (Trinity College), architect, 
and built by Mr Sindall of Cambridge. 

The building is a simple and comparatively plain structure, 
depending on its proportions and materials for its excellent 
effect. Without aiming at close imitation of old work, it is 
reminiscent of the Renaissance Architecture of the end of the 
17th century. The material is reddish-brown brick, with 
facings and mullioned windows of Clipsham stone. 

The north, or principal fagade, has a central pilastered 
projection, built of stone up to the first-floor and surmounted 
by a plain pediment ; and on either side of this are the entrances 



166 The Botany School 

and staircases. This central feature faces the principal entrance 
to the quadrangle from Downing Street. 

The building, which is 200 feet long by 40 feet wide, com- 
prises a basement and three floors, with a mezzanine between 
the first and second floors. There is also a flat roof available 
for experimental purposes. It is lighted throughout by elec- 
tricity. 

Basement. 

The central part of the basement is occupied by the lower 
part of the large Lecture-room, adjacent to which are prepara- 
tion-rooms and store-rooms. It also includes an attendant's 
office, coal-cellars, and boiler-room. A lift, for conveying 
materials and apparatus, runs from basement to top. 

Ground-Floor. 

The large Lecture-room, which measures 52 ft. by 35 ft., 
accommodates about 200 students. 

The Herbarium, an oblong room measuring 45 ft. by 39 ft. 
6 in., is lighted by windows on the north and south. It 
contains the extensive and valuable collections contributed 
by a succession of former Professors since the appointment of 
a Professor of Botany in 1724, and by various travellers, or 
purchased from time to time, including those of Lindley, 
Henslow, and Babington, Gray's Algw, a series of Lichens, 
Fruits, and Seeds collected by Sir C. Bunbury, certain in- 
teresting plants brought by Charles Darwin from the Galapagos 
Islands and elsewhere, as well as additions made from time to 
time by others, among which may be mentioned the collection 
formed in the Pyrenees by Mr C. Packe, the Buhi of M. 
Genevier, etc., etc. Here also are a room for the A&sistant 
Curator, a library of monographs and books on Systematic 
Botany, and accommodation for those engaged in research. 

The Museum, a beautiful oblong room on the east of the 
Lecture-room, is of the same size as the Herbarium, well 
lighted on three sides by tall windows. A room for mounting 
and preparing specimens, and a bay to the north for specialists 
engaged in research, are also provided. 

The extensive collections, obtained from various parts of 
the world, here exhibited, comprise a series of specimens 



The Botany Sclwol 



167 




BOTANY SCHOOL, 1904. 



168 The Botany School 

specially designed to display the chief biological and systematic 
features of all the great classes of the Vegetable Kingdom. For 
many of the specimens the Museum is indebted to donors at 
home and abroad. 

The Fungi are represented by a comprehensive series 
carefully chosen, with the object of illustrating both the 
general biology of the plants, and the part they play as 
parasites in causing diseases and galls in plants and animals. 
Among the specimens illustrating the biology and morphology 
of the Vascular Cryptogams there are several exhibits deserving 
special attention. There is also a valuable collection, made by 
the late Professor Henslow, of woods, grafts, excrescences, and 
normal and abnormal growths on Forest-trees, etc. The 
Museum also contains representative collections of Gymno- 
sperms and Flowering-plants, with a number of Algw, Mosses, 
and Lichens. It also possesses a remarkable section of the 
trunk of the Mammoth Tree of California, showing over 1300 
annual rings. Among other striking specimens may be men- 
tioned an example of the "Vegetable Sheep" of New Zealand 
{Eaoulia), giant Bamboos, inflorescences of Palms, etc. 

First-Floor. 

The first-floor may also be regarded as divided into three 
portions, comprising laboratories, research rooms, etc., not open 
to the public. 

The centre, on the south side, is occupied by the Library, 
containing nearly 5000 volumes and pamphlets on all branches 
of Botany, properly catalogued and arranged on open shelves, 
and in glazed cases. The fact that 37 botanical scientific 
serial publications are taken in, shows that thorough provision 
is made for all branches of botanical study and research. 

Opposite to the Library, to the north, are the private 
working rooms of the two lecturers in Botany, Mr Seward and 
Mr Blackman. 

The west end is occupied by two Laboratories. To the 
north is the Morphological Laboratory for the practical study 
of the Advanced Morphology and Anatomy of Plants ; to the 
south the Chemical Laboratory for experimental study and 
research in the Chemistry of Plants. In the latter is also a 
photographic dark room. 



The Botany School 169 

The rest of this end of the building is occupied by a room 
for research, to the north, and on the south by a work-room, 
where carpenter's repairs, glass-blowing, etc., can be carried on. 

The east end is occupied by the Professor's private room, 
and rooms for Incubators, Sterilizers, preparation and stores 
on the south ; and by the Professor's Laboratory and two 
rooms for research on the north, while a small Greenhouse 
at the extreme east affords accommodation for experimental 
work on plant diseases and similar problems. 

Second-Floor. 

The western half of this floor is occupied by the large 
Laboratory for the practical study of General Botany by 
students attending the Professor's lectures. This is a large 
room nearly 100 feet long by about 40 feet wide at the 
broadest end, with accommodation for about 150 students. 
The facilities offered by the Botanic Garden for the study of 
fresh specimens ensure adequate supplies of material. The 
two University Demonstrators, Mr Hill and Mr Gregory, have 
private work-rooms opening into the Laboratory. Adjoining 
the large Laboratory is a small Lecture-room for Advanced 
Lectures, and next to this is a store-room for Laboratory 
material. 

The east end of the second-floor is occupied by the La- 
boratory for Plant Physiology, a nearly square room measuring 
about 45 ft. by 40 ft., lighted from three sides, and very fully 
equipped with apparatus for the experimental study of the 
Physiology of Plants. It contains a dark room, and has 
a door to the west leading to a Greenhouse, which is so sunk 
in the building that it is not exposed to the heating effects of 
direct insolation at any time of the year. 

The private room of the Reader in Botany, Mr Francis 
Darwin, and a room for research, occupy the north side, 
between the two laboratories just mentioned. 

The Roof. 

The large flat roof is fitted with conveniences for experi- 
mental work. There is also a well-lighted Greenhouse. The 
flat area is surrounded by gables on three sides so as not to 
interfere with the architectural effect from the Quadrangle. 



170 The Sedgwick Museum of Geology 

Taken as a whole, the building may fairly be said to com- 
prise the finest Botanical Laboratories in the kingdom. 

Turn right on leaving the Botany School, and passing 
along the east side of the quadrangle, visit 



The Sedgwick Museum of Geology. 

The study of Geology in the University of Cambridge originated with 
the bequest of the eccentric physician Dr John Woodward, who by Will 
dated 1 October, 1727, directed his executors to convert into money his 
personal estate and effects, to purchase land of the yearly value of one 
hundred and fifty pounds, and to convey the same to the University of 
Cambridge. Out of this rent a yearly salary of one hundred pounds is to 
be paid to a lecturer, who is to "read at least four lectures every year," 
and to defend therein the doctrines promulgated by the founder in his 
Natural History of the Earth, and other works. In the next place he 
bequeaths to the University his collections of English fossils, with the 
two cabinets containing them, and their catalogues. The executors are 
to " cause and preserve the same to be lodged and reposited in such proper 
room or apartment as shall be allotted by the said University " ; the 
lecturer is to have charge of them and their catalogues ; and he is to 
attend daily ' ' in the room where they are reposited from the hour of nine 
of the clock in the morning to eleven, and again from the hour of two in 
the afternoon till four three days in every week, to show the said Fossils, 
gratis, to all such curious and intelligent persons as shall desire a view of 
them for their information and instruction." To these cabinets two 
others, containing foreign fossils, were presently added by purchase for 
the sum of one thousand pounds; and in 1734 a small room was contrived 
for their accommodation — now the Novel-Eoom of the University Library 
— by cutting off a space about fifteen feet in length from the north end of 
the Axts School. So long as the collection could be contained in Wood- 
ward's cabinets this room was not ill-adapted to its purpose, but when 
new acquisitions had to be displayed, it was found to be wholly in- 
adequate. Many abortive attempts to replace it by something better were 
made ; but none of them were accepted, and there the Geological col- 
lections of the University remained for at least one hundred and seven 
years. 

The first lecturer was appointed, as Dr Woodward had directed, in 
1731, and between that date and 1818, when Adam Sedgwick was elected, 
six gentlemen occupied the chair. They did not do much to advance the 
knowledge of Geology ; it is in fact doubtful whether any of them ever 
lectured ; and it has been whispered that one, who went so far as to 
publish a Plan of a Course of Lectures on Mineralogy , received an intima- 
tion from high quarters which caused him to be silent for the rest of his 
tenure of office. 

In 1818, as stated above, Sedgwick was appointed. He is said to have 
known nothing whatever of Geology before he was selected to teach it ; 
but, if this improbable legend be true, he rapidly supplied his want of 
previous education, by unwearied application, both in the study and in 



The Sedgwick Museum of Geology 171 

the field. His intellectual force, his varied attainments, and his most 
attractive personality soon made themselves felt, and before long his 
lecture-room was crowded with eager listeners, while his demonstrations 
of geology out of doors, when he conducted a large party of horsemen 
across country, were some of the most popular engagements of the term. 

It does not always happen that a first-rate lecturer is an equally good 
collector ; but Sedgwick never forgot the importance of a large series of 
specimens, carefully selected and well displayed in a good Museum. To 
acquire these he used not merely his scientific knowledge, but his social 
influence ; and, whether it was a question of donation or purchase, he 
pleaded so irresistibly that a specimen was surrendered, or a subscription 
paid with almost incredible swiftness. His endeavours were rewarded by 
the accumulation of a vast collection, which filled not merely the 
Woodwardian apartment, but turned his own College rooms into a store- 
house. 

In 1837 the first stone was laid of a new Library, with museums and 
lecture-rooms beneath it. The funds were raised, in part at least, by 
subscription, and Sedgwick, though by no means a rich man, contributed 
one hundred guineas. Moreover, he was active in soliciting subscriptions 
from others. The north side only of the intended quadrangle was built ; 
but the ground-floor and the basement of the part constructed were large 
enough to enable Sedgwick to display his collections ; and, with the help 
of the most skilful scientific experts in each department, he soon made 
the whole available for educational purposes. This removal took place in 
1841 ; and for a time, by judicious annexation of some neighbouring 
territories, the Museum was large enough for its contents ; but gradually, 
as purchase after purchase was made, at Sedgwick's suggestion, and gift 
after gift received through his influence, the need for enlarged quarters 
became as manifest as it had been in 1837. But the poverty of the 
University, not its will, stood in the way, and no change was possible. 

In January, 1873, at the ripe age of eighty-eight, Sedgwick passed 
away ; and what he could not effect in life, was brought to pass, slowly 
but surely, by his death. Two months later, a great meeting of his 
friends was held in the Senate House ; and speaker after speaker, dealing 
with the subject from different points of view, agreed in one thing, namely, 
that the one suitable memorial to Sedgwick would be a new Geological 
Museum, to bear his name for ever, as the Professorship bears that of 
Woodward. 

The eloquence of that day was succeeded by the more prosaic labours 
of a hard-working committee, who before many months were over had 
collected a sum of money which ultimately, before the Museum was 
begun, amounted, with interest, to £26,125. This sum, supplemented by 
a considerable grant from the Benefaction Fund, has enabled the 
University to erect the present noble building, from the designs of T. G. 
Jackson, R.A., architect. 

Ascend the double staircase, which, with the tower ad- 
joining, breaks the uniformity of the south front of the 
building in so picturesque a manner, and enter the Museum, 
which occupies the whole of the first-floor of the two wings. 



172 The Bedgwick Mmeimi of Geology 




SEDGWICK MUSEUM, 1904. 



The Sedgwick Museum of Geology 173 

called Downing Street Wing and Downing Place Wing 
respectively (see plan), into which the building is divided. 

Turn right on entering the Museum, and walk to the south 
end of the Downing Place Wing. On your way note, in a niche 
of the wall which separates the two divisions of the Museum, a 
bronze statue of Professor Sedgwick, given by his old friend the 
Reverend William Selwyn, D.D., and executed by Onslow 
Ford, R.A. On the opposite fac"e of the wall is hung a 
portrait of Sedgwick, in oils, by William Farren, of Cambridge. 
It was taken when he was a very old man, and is an excellent 
likeness of him at that date. 

At the end of the Museum, close to the door admitting to 
the Professor's private room, are two compartments dedicated 
to the safe keeping of Dr Woodward's collections, still 
contained in the venerable cabinets in which they arrived at 
Cambridge a hundred and seventy-six years ago. A catalogue 
of this collection was published in 1729, called : 

An Attempt towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England ; in 
a Catalogue of the English Fossils in the Collection of J. Woodward, M.D. 
Containing a Description and Historical Account of each ; with Observa- 
tions and Experiments made in order to discover as well the Origin and 
Nature of them as their Medicinal, Mechanical, and other Uses. 

This was succeeded by: 

A Catalogue of the Foreign Fossils in the Collection of J. Woodward, 
M.D., brought as well from several Parts of Asia, Africa, and America ; as 
from Sioeden, Germany, Hungary, and other Parts of Europe. 

Near this compartment hangs a portrait of Sedgwick in 
crayons, by Lowes Dickinson, taken in 1860. This, on the 
whole, gives the best idea of Sedgwick in his years of greatest 
energy and activity. A portrait of Woodward, in oils, in an 
oval frame, hangs near it. 

The noble collection which occupies the whole of the first- 
floor, due as explained above to the energy of Sedgwick and 
.his friends, is arranged in stratigraphical order, the older 
fossils being placed at the south end of the Downing Place 
Wing (near Woodward's cabinets) and the more recent at the 
west end of the Downing Street Wing. We will take the 
noteworthy objects in this series, beginning with the oldest 
rocks. 

A representative selection of the oldest known fauna (that of 



174 The Sedgwich Museum of Geology 

the Olenellus beds of the Cambrian rocks) was presented by the 
Hon. C. D. Walcott, Director of the United States Geological 
Survey. Of other Lower Palaeozoic collections note those of 
Colonel Fletcher (a fine set of Wenlock Limestone organisms), 
and those of the late M. Barrande (Bohemian fossils) which 
were purchased ; also the collections presented by Dr Hicks, 
Professor H. A. Nicholson, and Mr Kinsey Dover. The 
collection of Lower Paheozoic forms is the expansion of that 
originally made by Professor Sedgwick when working out the 
succession of the older rocks of Wales. 

Among the Upper Palaeozoic fossils, note a fine series of 
Old Red Sandstone fishes, partly presented by James Binnie, 
partly obtained from other sources ; the Whidborne Collection 
of Devonian t3rpes figured by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne in 
the Palaeontographical Society's monographs, and presented 
by him to the Museum ; and the following Carboniferous 
specimens : the Burrows Collection from Settle in Yorkshire, 
the Binnie Collection of Coal Measure plants, and the Aitken 
Collection of plants, mollusca, and fishes from the Millstone 
Grit and the Coal Measures. 

The Mesozoic fossils are in cases occupying the eastern 
portion of the Downing Street Wing. The Count Miinster 
Collection of foreign Triassic and Jurassic fossils contains a 
fine group of specimens from the Lithographic Stone of 
Solenhofen, some of which are figured in his Petrefaktenkunde 
(1839). The Leckenby Collection consists of Jurassic and 
Cretaceous fossils, mostly from Yorkshire. A fine series of 
Saurians from the Jurassic beds are partly arranged down the 
centre of the Museum, partly in cases at the sides. Specially 
valuable are the Liassic reptiles presented by Mr T. Hawkins, 
those from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough (collected by 
Dr H. Porter and others), and also those from the Kimmeridge 
Clay of Ely. The Strickland Collection is also largely com- 
posed of Jurassic fossils. 

The Cretaceous faunas are very well represented. Besides* 
those in the Leckenby Collection we may notice the organisms 
in the collection presented by the Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A., 
Hon. Sc.D., which includes many choice echinoderms and 
mollusca, a remark which also applies to the Forbes Young 
Collection from the Chalk of Kent and Sussex. 

The collection of the late Montagu Smith, B.A., of 



The Sedgtoick Museum of Geology 175 

Trinity College, has many interesting fossils, especially those 
from the Middle Chalk, of which this is the best existing series. 

The collection of the late C. J. A. Meyer consists chiefly of 
Cretaceous fossils from south-eastern England, and from the 
London Clay of Portsmouth docks. It is specially valuable 
on account of the exact horizons from which the fossils were 
obtained being known. It includes many figured specimens. 

The collection made by the late James Carter, M.KCS., 
and presented by his daughter Mrs J. E. Foster, is worthy of 
note for its local Cretaceous fossils, and the fine suite of 
Crustacean remains. 

Note especially the fossils from the local seam known as 
the Cambridge Greensand, as being the best collection from 
this seam, and as containing the only British representatives 
of Mesozoic birds. 

The Tertiary fossils occupy the westei-n portion of this 
building. Thanks to the collection made and presented by 
the Rev. Osmond Fisher, M.A., Honorary Fellow of Jesus 
College, from the Lower Tertiary beds of Hampshire, and that 
made during many years by the present Curator, Mr H. 
Keeping, the Museum possesses a remarkably representative 
series of Eocene and Oligocene fossils. Note the plants from 
the Bagshot beds of Alum Bay and Bournemouth (also 
collected by the Curator). 

The Pliocene fossils are enriched by the specimens collected 
by Mr Montagu Smith, and by the Curator. The latter 
obtained a specially fine set from the St Erth beds, Cornwall. 

Among the Pleistocene fossils the mammahan bones are 
fine. Of Cavern bones the Museum possesses specimens from 
Belgium and Pembrokeshire, the latter collected and presented 
by the late T. Roberts, M.A., of S. John's College. Of bones 
from the river-gravels, which are chiefly local, note especially 
the fine series found at Barrington. Among these are heads 
of Hippopotamus and Rhinoceros. 

There is a good series of peat-bones, including a skeleton of 
an Irish Stag (^Cervus megaceros). From the Cambridgeshire 
Fens note bones of Beaver, Pelican, Urus {Bos primigenius), 
the smaller Ox {Bos longifrons), and Wolf. 

On the second-floor, in addition to rooms devoted to 
teaching, are tlie Petrological Museum and the Library. The 
former is in the Downing Place Wing. The rock-collections 



176 The Sedgwick Museum of Geology 

are mostly of later growth than the fossils, and their arrange- 
ment is not yet completed. Two large table-cases contain 
a general collection of Igneous rocks, while the upper glazed 
portion of the same cases is devoted to a series of British 
Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks, and to various local and 
special collections. The upright glazed cases are for the most 
part not yet arranged, but in those against the eastern wall 
are a variety of specimens illustrating rock-structures, and 
a collection of British Tertiary igneous rocks, arranged chrono- 
logically. Cabinets in the Petrological Laboratory contain 
a number of special collections of rocks, many of them illustra- 
tive of published memoirs ; and in the same room are stored 
the microscopical collections, including some 5000 slides. 

The Library is at the west end of the passage in the 
Downing Street Wing. It is a handsome room with oak 
fittings, the cost of which was defrayed from the sum be- 
queathed by the late Master of Trinity Hall (Rev. H. Latham, 
M.A.). The collection of books, which represent all branches 
of the Science, has been specially enriched by the gifts of the 
late E. B. Tawney, M. A., of Trinity College, and the late Rev. 
T. Wiltshire, M.A. Workers in the Museum should notice 
books which refer to portions of the Collections of specimens. 
In addition to the Catalogue of the Woodward Collection 
already mentioned, note the following : 

A Synopsis of the Classification of the British Palseozoic Eocks ; by 
the Eev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., F.R.S., with a systematic description of 
the British Palaeozoic Fossils in the Geological Museum of the University 
of Cambridge by Frederick McCoy, F.G.S. (Camb. Univ. Press, 1854). 

Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Eeptilia from 
the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum 
in the University of Cambridge by H. G. Seeley (Cambridge, 1869). 

The Ornithosauria : an elementary study of the bones of Pterodactyles 
made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Greensand, and 
arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge, 
by H. G. Seeley (Cambridge, 1870). 

A Catalogue of the Collection of Cambrian and Silurian Fossils 
contained in the Geological Museum of the University of Cambridge by 
J. W. Salter, F.G.S. With a preface by the Eev. Adam Sedgwick, LL.D. , 
F.E.S. (Camb. Univ. Press, 1873). 

Catalogue of the type-fossils in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, 
by Henry Woods (Camb. Univ. Press, 1891). 

The third-floor of the Museum contains duplicates, and 
has space for the future expansion of the Collection, 



Botanic Garden \77 



Botanic Garden. 

This Garden occnpies rather more than 20 acres ; while rather more 
than 17 acres, now let in allotments, are available for future extension. 
The Garden contains an extensive and efficient range of plant -houses, 
built 1888 and 1891 on the most modern system ; a considerable 
Arboretum, which includes fine Coniferae and many choice trees and 
shrubs ; an extensive collection of hardy herbaceous and Alpine 
plants; a Eockery, and a Water or Bog garden. The out-door collections 
are arranged, with some exceptions, according to the Natural Sjstem of 
De Candolle. 

We will suppose the visitor to enter from Bateman Street. 

After passing the walls devoted to climbers you come to 
the Curator's office (right), and next to the Plant-houses 
(left). The Corridor, more than 90 yards long, which you 
enter first, connects the various houses and the laboratory, 
and serves also for the cultivation of climbers, one of the most 
interesting of which is Arauja cericifera, famous for the 
moth-catching propensity of its flowers. More important 
economically is perhaps the small-fruited grape-vine {Vitis 
vinifera carinthiaca) which produces the " currant " commonly 
used in cakes. It grows near the Conservatory. Further on 
will be found also the vine which bears the " Sultana " raisin. 
Ornamental plants are numerous, and among them may be 
mentioned the Passion Flowers {Passifloi^a), Hibbertias, and 
Daturas, especially D. suaveolens of Mexico, the flowers of 
which are said to be cross-pollinated by Humming-birds. In 
the east porch are plants of Ocimum viride, a Labiate of 
Tropical Africa with reputation for efficacy in keeping off 
Mosquitos. The leaves are used as a febrifuge. The houses 
open on the south side, while on the north is a laboratory for 
advanced students, potting sheds, a reading-room, a library 
for gardeners, and other offices. 

The first house is the Temperate House, in which are 
cultivated the plants of Australia, the Cape, and countries of 
similar climate. Inside the door is a magnificent specimen of 
Todea harbara from the Australian Alps, not distant either 
in habit or relationship from our own Royal Fern. Note also 
the Fan Palm of the south of Europe (Jjhamaerops humilis), 
New Zealand Flax, Tree Ferns, various species of Eucalyptus, 
the Rice Paper-tree, and the Date Palm. Among the 
Eucalypti observe E. amygdalina, which grows to be the 

0. 12 



178 Botanic Garden 

tallest tree on earth (about 470 ft.) ; the Blue Gum, E. 
globulus, valuable for planting in moist malarial districts, and 
the Karri, E. diversicolor, the wood of which makes the best 
street pavement. The Jarrah, also used for paving, is E. 
marginata. Here also will be found the Camphor- tree 
{Cinnamomum camphor a) of China and Japan ; Acacia 
melanoxylon^ curiously bearing both phyllodes and true leaves ; 
the Bird-plant of Mexico {Heterotoma lohelioides), and the 
Abyssinian Musa ensete, the leaf-blade of which attains 17-18 
ft. in length. At the end of the house is a collection of tender 
Coniferae, formed chiefly for students in Palisobotany for 
comparative purposes. 

The Cool Fern House, in addition to a general collection, 
contains many British kinds. Note Gymnogramma lepto- 
phylla, an annual fern found in Jersey, and fine specimens of 
Platycerium alcicorne, Davallia pyxidata, and Polypodium 
Schneider i, a remarkable hybrid fern showing the characters 
of two very distinct plants. In water contained in a bell-jar 
notice a fine plant of Quillwort {Isoetes lacustris), which grows 
in alpine and sub-alpine lakes, and is an ally of the very 
different-looking Selaginellas and Lycopodiums. 

The Conservatory is devoted to the ornamental flowering 
plants of special botanical service, with others not ordinarily 
found in gardens. Its contents vary with the time of the year. 

The Stove contains choice Tropical plants, the majority of 
the Cycads, of which all the genera are represented, and a set 
of the more important economic plants. The Cycads, hand- 
some as they are in foliage, represent the lowest type of 
flowering plant. They flourished about the end of the 
Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic period. Here may be 
seen the plant upon which the species Pilocarpus Jahorandi, 
Holmes, was established. Note on the roof a peculiar form 
of the Yam {Dioscorea sativd) bearing tubers in the axils of 
the leaves. Close to it is a fine variety of Gloriosa supei'ha, 
which, like its allies, climbs by means of prehensile leaf-tips. 
Here will be found several genera of Caoutchouc-producing 
plants, the Mahogany-tree, the Cola nut^ Tamarind, Papaw, 
Coca, Ginger, Cinnamon, and Arrowroot. On the same shelf 
is Ahrus precatorius, which obtained an absurd notoriety a few 
years ago as the "Weather-plant," and was said even to 
predict volcanic disturbances. Its seeds, known as Crab's-eyes, 



Botanic Garden 179 

are used in India by jewellers and druggists as weights. 
Among Palms is Fhytelephas macrocarpa, the Ivory-nut palm, 
the seeds of which are used in large quantities for the manu- 
facture of buttons and similar small articles. Physiologically 
interesting is Gymnema sylvestre, the leaves of which contain 
an alkaloid which paralyses the nerves of taste for sweets and 
for bitters. On the east shelf is a plant of the Baobab 
{Adansonia digitata)^ which produces a trunk 30 ft. in 
diameter, but of small height. Some trees were supposed 
by Humboldt to be older than any other of the organic 
monuments of our planet. One of the most interesting subjects 
is Acacia sphaerocephala, in the large spines of which in 
Central America an ant "resides, forming a garrison for its 
protection from leaf-cutting ants. It is interesting that the 
Acacia grows special food for its protecting army. Plants 
which afford shelter for ants are termed " myrmecophilous," 
and another in this house is Cecropia peltata. It has hollow 
stems to which the ants make a door, at a thin place ap- 
parently provided for the purpose, and food-bodies are 
produced on a "pulvinus" at the base of the petiole. On 
application Myrmecodia Antoinii may be seen in one of the 
"Pits." It has a tuberous base with galleries of which the 
ants make use, but it produces no special food. With it is 
Dischidia Rafflesiana^ which makes leaves into pitchers to 
catch water and debris, and sends in roots to extract the 
nourishment. 

In the Palm House are numerous choice Palms, the 
Banana, specimens of Dioon edule and Cycas. One of the 
finer Palms is Arenga saccharifera \ a saccharine juice is 
obtained from the floral sheaths, the stems provide a kind 
of sago, and the black fibrous investment is used for man}?- 
purposes, as for instance the making of cordage. Among the 
climbing Aroids observe in the corner to left on entering the 
remarkable Monstera deliciosa, which bears an edible fruit, 
and has leaves with large round holes. On the east shelf 
notice Ficus sycamorus, the Sycamore-tree of Scripture. Its 
soft w^ood is almost imperishable, and was used for mummy- 
cases by the Egyptians. 

In the Aquarium adjoining, in addition to the Water 
plants, will be found the Sacred Bean, Papyrus, Sugar-cane, 
Rice, Cotton, the Bottle-gourd, and an interesting vine ( Yitis 

12—2 



180 Botanic Garden 

gongylodes), the branches of which, in autumn, terminate in 
bell-pull-like tubers. In summer numerous interesting Gucu/r- 
hitaceae are trained around the sides of the house. Among 
them are the Wax gourd {Benincasa cerifera), the Bottle 
gourd {Lagenaria vulgaris)^ the Vegetable sponge {Luffa 
aegyptiaca), the Snake gourd {Trichosantkes anguina), and 
a few others of peculiar beauty. Among curiosities in this 
house are Salvinia, some leaves of which are dissected and 
perform the function of roots, and Azolla caroliniana, each 
tiny leaf of which has a cavity where resides Anahaena Azollae, 
a low type of Alga allied to Nostoc. At the end of the house 
is a collection of the striking Stag's-horn Ferns {Platy- 
cerium). 

The Tropical Fern House contains a representative col- 
lection of Ferns. A climbing fern {Lygodium scandens) may 
be found in beautiful fructification on the roof. Opposite the 
door is a fine specimen of Polypodium quercifolium, striking in 
the contrast of its barren and fertile fronds, and on the left 
Selaginella Wildenovi always claims attention. On side shelf 
to right is a fine plant of the rootless Psilotum triquetrum, the 
root-function performed by underground branches of the stem. 
Lycopodium squarrosum and L. phlegmaria, suspended in 
baskets from the roof, are representatives of an interesting 
genus allied to the latter. 

The Orchid House, in addition to Orchids, contains some 
of the Insectivorous plants, among which is the rare Heliam- 
phora nutans from Roraima in British Guiana. Nepenthes 
are represented by rare original species, as well as by the more 
common hybrids, N. Mastersi among these being the best. 
On the trophy opposite the door note the " Old Man's Beard" 
{Tillandsia usneoides), of the Pine-apple order, which flourishes 
hanging from a wire. In this house (S.-W. corner) are several 
of the tropical epiphytic species of Utricularia, which, like our 
British aquatic species, are provided with bladders for the 
capture of insects. All the principal genera of Orchids are 
represented, a number also of hybrids, and besides a variety of 
the most striking and scientifically interesting. The Vanilla 
plant ( Vanilla planifolia), one of the very few of economic 
interest, will be found inside the door on the left. 

The Succulent House and Cactus House are always highly 
instructive on the effect of environment in evolution, and the 



Botanic Garden 181 

collections are very efficient from this point of view. In the 
Succulent House will be found Aloe plicatilis, exceptional in 
its branching habit (central stage), Centaurea crassi/olia, the 
only plant native of Malta that is not found elsewhere ; the 
Senecios or Groundsels of S. Africa, the Mesembryanthemums 
and most of the choicest of similar plants grown in this 
country. The insectivorous genera, Sarracenia, Dros&i^a, 
Dionaeay Cephalotus, Darlbigtonia and Drosophyllum, are 
exhibited here in the summer. At other times they are grown 
in a private " Pit." On the roof, next Corridor, is Solanum 
Wendlandi, perhaps the finest of all the Potato genus. In 
the Cactus House are numerous choice Stapelias and Euphor- 
bias, in addition to the Cacti. Particularly fine on the roof is 
Epiphyllum Gaertneri, a cactus with orange-red flowers. On 
leaving the range observe on further side of border a good 
example of the Cork Oak (Quercus Suber). In autumn 
Cotoneaster horizontal is, nearly opposite the door, is a beautiful 
feature with its red berries. 

At the back of the range are four houses used chiefly for nursery 
purposes, to which the public are not usually admitted. In one of these 
houses, however, are the Filmy ferns, Liverworts, the so-called Luminous 
Moss, and other plants not grown elsewhere, which may be seen on 
application by those who are especially interested. 

Close to the east end of the Plant-Houses is the Rockery, 
upon which many choice plants from the Alps, Pyrenees, 
Himalayas, and other mountainous regions are cultivated. 
The plants of interest are numerous, and include a fine 
specimen of Hedysarum multijugum^ Aphyllanthes monspeli- 
ensis, or Flowering rush, Erinacea pungens, the Edelweiss, rare 
species of Erodium or Stork's-bill, and many Saxifragas, etc. 

West of the rockery will be found several new beds 
containing plants which are arranged from the point of view 
of physiology. In one bed are Xerophytes, selected to repre- 
sent the types of vegetation which, in different parts of the 
world, are adapted to dry climates, and aU structurally suited, 
on different plans, to withstand drought. In another bed are 
the Halophytes, or plants which grow more or less exclusively 
in the presence of salt. Another bed contains those plants 
which mostly require peat, and are poisoned by chalk or lime. 
A fourth bed contains the plants that are native on chalk in 



182 Botanic Garden 

the neiglibourhood, and a fifth the plants which also need 
chalk but which are not native of the county. 

Pass next in front of the houses and note many plants 
flourishing in the sheltered borders, and among them a variety 
of choice bulbs. Notice the Japanese hardy Orange {Citrus 
trifoliata), which recently has been used to cross with common 
Orange in order to obtain hardier forms. It is growing against 
the end of the Tropical Fern-house, where its strong green 
spines and branches at once fix attention. Crinums are 
particularly fine, so also Kniphofia caulescens, and especially 
the hardy Cacti, at present unequalled in this country. 
Immense masses of Opuntia cantabrigiensis, a fine mass of 0. 
bicolor and 0. monacantha may be noted among others. One 
of the great successes is Gerhera Jamesoni, a splendid Cape 
Composite which flowers in summer. Here may be found the 
Caper plant {Capparis spinosa), the Olive (Olea emropaed) 
and a full collection of the New Zealand Veronicas. Con- 
tinuing in the same direction along the path that goes round 
the garden we pass a mixed border of ornamental hardy 
plants, in which is a specimen of the Compass Plant {SilpMum 
laciniatum), well known on the North American prairies for 
the north and south disposition of its young leaves. Long- 
fellow writes in his Evangeline : 

"Look at this delicate flower that lifts its head from the meadow, 
See how its leaves all point to the north, as true as the magnet ; 
It is the Compass flower that the finger of God has suspended 
Here on its fragile stalk, to direct the traveller's journey 
Over the sea-like, pathless, limitless waste of the desert. 
Such in the soul of man is faith." 

On our left is a fine collection of Willows, complete as to 
British species. In the immediate foreground may be noticed 
an oval bed which in summer is planted with ornamental 
economic plants, such as Hemp, Tobacco, Castor- oil, Maize, 
etc., etc. 

Beyond in the same direction is the Bog Garden or Water 
Garden, in which the plants of the Fens are represented. 
Here, besides water plants, are grown Ferns and other mois- 
ture-loving plants. Around are specimens of Bamboo, and 
outside the gate is an exceptionally fine mass of Lathraea 
dandestina, parasitic on willow. Near it also the British 
L. squamaria is well established. Close by on the opposite 



Botanic Garden 183 

side of the stream is the finest plant known in this coimtry of 
the North American Papaw (Asimina triloba). Ahnost over- 
hanging is a fine tree of the Californian Redwood {Sequoia 
sempervirens\ wliich, attaining a height of nearly 300 ft., 
takes the second place in size among the gigantic Coniferous 
trees of North-West America. The first place in size is taken 
by Wellingtonia gigantea, which reaches a height of over 
300 ft., and as we presently pass the Trumpington Koad Gate 
a good specimen will be seen on our left. 

This garden is usually locked, but those who are interested are 
admitted on application at the Office. 

At the end of the border just quitted commences the 
botanical arrangement of the belt of trees which goes round 
the garden. It commences here with Magnolia and ends with 
Oak on the far side of the houses. By the stream where it 
goes under the path observe a magnificent mass of Pterocarya 
caucasica, an ally of the Walnut. Close by is an example of. 
the Black Walnut {Juglans nigra), a valuable timber tree of 
North America, and of fast growth in Europe. The fine tree 
on the left is Ailantus glandulosa^ a native of China and 
India, upon which is fed the silk moth {Bomhyx Cynthia). 
From this point {right) as far as the gate are the Sycamores 
and Horse-chestnuts. On the left side are beds filled with a 
variety of choice shrubs, and among them may be mentioned 
the peculiar graft-hybrid Cytisus Adami. It was produced 
by grafting C. purpureus on laburnum, the result being that 
inflorescences of these species, and of an intermediate, are 
liable to appear in different places all over the tree. By the 
pond observe fine specimens of Gimnera manicata, a gigantic 
herbaceous plant from Brazil, allied to the insignificant Mare's- 
tail growing in the pond itself. 

Passing the entrance from the Trumpington Road note 
the Lime-tree planted 2nd November, 1846, by the Rev. R. 
Tatham, D.D., Master of S. John's College, to record the 
commencement of the planting of the garden on this site. 
From this point a broad walk flanked with various Coniferae 
extends to the lawn in front of the Plant-Houses, from the 
middle of which another broad walk, crossing the first like the 
top of a T, extends to the opposite side of the garden. 
Continuing our former course we pass {light) a collection of 



184 Botanic Garden 

Limes, among which is a fine specimen of Tilia petiolaris. 
Further on is a handsome example of Ulmus montana pendula, 
and beyond are the Oleaceae and the Bosaceae. Note the 
Herbaceous ground {left) where plants with annual stems are 
arranged in natural orders for study. At the foot of the 
rising ground is a bed of medicinal plants, and on the further 
side of this bed is an exceptionally fine specimen of the Judas- 
tree {Cercis siliquastrum). Near the last is a specimen of the 
Kentucky Coffee-tree {Gymnocladus canadensis), valuable for 
its timber and much planted for ornament. Its seeds were 
used by early settlers as a substitute for coffee. Further on 
is a bed devoted to samples of the more uncommon agri- 
cultural crops, and behind is an interesting collection of Vines 
growing on arched supports. Having reached the end of the 
broad walk leading to the Plant-Houses we have a good view 
of the belt of Coniferae. This most important and interesting 
natural order is allied to that of the tropical Cycads, both 
belonging, with a third order, the Gnetaceae, to the ancient 
group of flowering plants which has not evolved so far as to 
enclose its seeds within an ovary. There are many fine 
specimens, and one of those nearest to us, Biota orientalis 
pendula, is probably the finest in the country. It is quite 
unlike B. orientalis, of which it is only the juvenile form 
continued to mature age. Behind the belt of Goniferae are 
many trees to which reference might be made. Nearly all the 
catkin-bearing trees are there situated, the principal among 
which are the Birches, Alders, Planes, Oaks, and Hornbeam. 
On reaching the houses we complete the circuit of the garden ; 
the central groups also deserve inspection, but we can only 
note, further, a remarkable specimen of Ephedra distachya, 
which grows near the pond by the collection of Roses, no 
doubt the finest of its kind in Britain. It represents the 
order Gnetaceae mentioned above. 

A Catalogue of the Ferns and Fern Allies may be purchased at the 
Curator's Office. Price 4d. 



CHEONOLOGICAL SUMMARY. 



William I. (1066-1087). 
1068. Cambridge Castle built, 

William II. (1087-1100). 

Henry I. (1100-1135). 

1101. Town granted in fee-farm to Burgesses. 

1112. Augustiuian Priory of S. Giles removed to BarnwelL 

1133. Benedictine Nunnery of St Eadegund founded. 

1135. Hospital of S. John founded. 

Stephen (1135-1154). 

Henry II. (1154-1189). 

EicHARD I. (1189-1199). 

John (1199-1216). 

1199. Hospital of Lepers at Sturbridge founded. 

1201. Charter granted to Burgesses. 

1211. Sturbridge Fair granted to Hospital of Lepers. 

1215. Town enclosed : ditch probably dug. 

Henry IIL (1216-1272). 
1224. Arrival of Franciscan Friars. 
1229. Sheriff to expel all clerks (scholars) excommtinicated for adhesion 

to Louis of France (earliest allusion to University). 
1231. Writs issued for regulation of scholars. 
1249. Arrival of Carmelite Friars. 
1267. King's Ditch dug or enlarged. 

Edward I. (1272-1307). 
1274. Merton College (Oxford) receives final statutes. 
1284. Peterhouse founded. 

Edward IL (1307-1327). 

1317. The King supports scholars at Cambridge. 
1324. Michael House founded. 
1326. Clare Hall founded. 



186 Chronological Summary 

Edward III. (1327-1377). 

1337. King's Hall founded. 

1340. Hostel assigned to student-monks from Ely, now part of Trinity 
Hall. 

1347. Pembroke Hall founded. 

1348. Gonville Hall founded. 
1350. Trinity Hall founded. 

1352. Corpus Christi College founded. 

KiCHARD II. (1377-1399). 

Henry IV. (1399-1413). 

Henry V. (1413-1422). 

Henry VI. (1422-1461). 

1428. Hostel assigned to student monks from Croyland, afterwards 

Buckingham College. 
1430. Diocesan authority of Bishop of Ely over University abolished. 

1440. Eton College: first scheme issued by the King. 

1441. King's College : site of Old Court conveyed to King. Foundation 

laid of Old Court by King (2 April). 
1443. Eton College opened. Final scheme for the two Colleges at 

Eton and Cambridge published by King. 
1446. King's College : foundation of Chapel laid by King (25 July). 
1448. Queens' College: foundation laid (15 April). 

Edward IV. (1461-1483). 
1475. S. Catharine's Hall founded. 

EiCHARD III. (1483-1485). 

Henry VII. (1485-1509). 

1496. Jesus College founded. 

1503. Lady Margaret's Professorship of Divinity founded. 

1505. Christ's College founded. 

1508. Work at King's College Chapel resumed. 

Henry VIIL (1509-1547). 

1510. Erasmus begins residence at Cambridge. 

1511. S. John's College founded. 

1515. Stone-work of King's College Chapel finished. 

1521. John Siberch printing at Cambridge. 

1539. Suppression of the Monasteries. 

1540. Creation of Begins Professorships in Divinity, Law, Physic, 

Hebrew, and Greek. 
1542. Magdalene College founded. 
1546. Trinity College founded. 

Edward VI. (1547-1553). 
Philip and Mary (1553-1558). 
1557. Gonville Hall refounded as Gonville and Caius College. 



Chronological Summary 187 

Elizabeth (1558-1603). 

1570. Statutes given to the University. 
1584. Emmanuel College founded. 
1594. Sidney Sussex College founded. 

James I. (1603-1625). 

1616. Queens' College: Walnut Tree Court building begun. 
1624. St John's College: Library built by Abp Williams. 

Charles I. (1625-1649). 

1628. Sidney Sussex College: building on S. side of Second Court 
begun. 

„ Peterhouse : Chapel begun. 

1632. Emmanuel College: Brick Building begun. 

1638. Clare College : rebuilding begun. 

,, Jesus College : range on east side of Entrance Court begun. 

1640. Christ's College : first stone of Fellows' Building laid. 

Commonwealth (1649-1660). 
1659. Pembroke College : Hitcham Building begun. 

Charles II. (1660-1685). 

1663. Pembroke College : new Chapel begun. 

1668. Emmanuel College : new Chapel begun. 

1673. S. Catharine's College : rebuilding begun. 

1676. Trinity College : foundation of new Library. 

1679. Magdalene College : Pepysian Library in progress. 

James IL (1685-1688). 
William and Mary (1689-1702). 
1696. Dr Bentley undertakes renovation of University Press. 

Anne (1702-1714). 
1704. S. Catharine's College : new Chapel consecrated. 

George I. (1714-1727). 

1715. Bishop Moore's Library given by the King. 

1722. Senate House begun, 

1724. King's College: Fellows' Building begun (25 March). 

George II. (1727-1760). 
1755. Facade of University Library begun. 

George III. (1760-1820). 

1800. Downing College founded. 
1815. Battle of Waterloo. 



188 Chronological Summary 

George IV. (1820-1830). 

1821. Sidney Sussex College altered by Wyatt. 

1823. King's College : design by Wilkins for new buildings accepted 
(30 June). 

,, Corpus Christi College : first stone laid of New Court (2 July). 

„ Trinity College : first stone laid of New Court (12 August). 

1825. Peterhouse : first stone of Gisborne Court laid (30 August). 

1827. S. John's College : New Court begun. 

William IV. (1830-1837). 
1831. University Press : first stone of new building laid (18 October). 

Victoria (1837-1901). 

1850. Appointment of a Eoyal Commission of Inquiry. 

1863. New Museums of Science begun. 

1869. College for Women (afterwards Girtou College) founded at Hitcbin. 

1870. Courses of Lectures for Women begun in Cambridge. 
,, Provision for teaching Physiology. 

1871. Act to alter Law respecting Religious Tests. 

1872. Girton College opened. 

1874. Cavendish Laboratory built. 

1875. Old Hall, Newnham, opened. 
1879. Eidley Hall founded. 

1882. Selwjn College, Public Hostel, incorporated. 

„ University Statutes approved by Queen in Council. 

1888. Chemical Laboratory finished. 

1894. Act to amend jurisdiction of Vice- Chancellor. 

„ Laboratory for Mechanism and Engineering opened. 

Edward VII. 

1903. Squire Law Library and Law School begun. 

1904. New buildings for Medicine, and 
„ Sedgwick Memorial Museum, and 
„ Botany School opened. 



INDEX. 



Abbey Church, 101 

Abbey House, 10*2 

Addenbrooke's Hospital, 110 

All Saints in the Jewry : ancient 
site, 48; modern, 99 

All Saints by the Castle, 70 ; pro- 
bable site of church, 73 

Amateur Dramatic Club, 90 

Anatomy, Humao, 152 

Andrew (S.) the Great ; Church, 82 

Andrew (S.) the Less: Church, 101 

Antiquarian Society, 115 

Archeology, Museums of, 115 

Ashton, Hugh : monument, 50 

Augustinian Canons, 102 

Augustinian Friary, gatehouse, 79 ; 
site, 139 

Backs of the Colleges, 75 

Bacon, Lord : statue, 39 

Baines, Sir Tho. : monument, 83 

Baker, Tho.: rooms, 61 

Baptist Chapel, 103 

Barnwell Gate, 80 

Barnwell Priory, 102 

Barnwell suburb, 101 

Barrow, Isaac : statue, 39 

Benedict (S.) : Church, 126 

Benedictines, 91 

Bishop's Mill, 134 

Boat races : course for, 100 

Botanic Garden, 177 

Botany School, 165 

Botolph (S.): Church, 123 

Bull Hotel, 128 

Byron, Lord : rooms, 42 

Carmefield, 75 
Castle Hill, 71 



Castle Inn, 103 

Catharine (S.), College, 128 

Cavendish Laboratory, 156 

Chemical Laboratory, 160 

Christ Church, 102 

Christ's College, 82 

Clare College, 22 

Clare Hall Piece, 75 

Classical Archeology, Museum of, 

118 
Clement (S.): Church, 65 
Columba(S.): Presbyterian Church, 

104 
Conduit, of 1614: 3, 77 ; of 1855, 78 
Congregationalists, 118 
Cook, Ja., Captain : tablet to 

commemorate, 82 
Corn Exchange, 79 
Corpus Christi College, 124, 128 
Cricket Club, University, 102 
Cromwell, Oliver : portrait, 90 
Cross Keys Inn, 69 

Divinity School, 48 
Dominicans, 105 
Downing College, 103 

Edward (S.) : Church, 79 
Emmanuel Church, 118 
Emmanuel College, 105 
Engineering Laboratory, 159 
Erasmus : college rooms, 133 ; 

walk called after, 75 
Ethnology : Museum, 115 
Experimental Physics : Cavendish 

Laboratory, 156 

Falcon Inn, 80 

Farish, Wm. : pulpit, 70 



190 



Index 



Fenner, F. P. : cricket-ground, 102 
Finch, Sir Joh. : monument, 83 
Fisher Lane, 66 
Fitzwilliam Hall, 111 
Fitzwilliam Museum, 107 ; of 

Classical Archeology, 118 
Foster, Messrs, Bank, 87 
Franciscans, 88 
Free Library, 79 

Gaol, 71 

General and Local Archeology and 

Ethnology, Museum of, 115 
Geology : Sedgwick Museum, 170 
Giles (S.) : Church, 69 
Girton College, 75 
Gonville and Caius College, 28 
Gray, The: college rooms, 121 
Great Bridge, 65 
Great S. Mary's Church, 3 
Guildhall, 79 

Haddon Hall, imitated at Queens' 

College, 132 
Hallam, Art. : rooms, 46 
Henry Martyn Hall, 87 
Hobson, Tho. : house, 131 
Holy Sepulchre : Church, 62 
Holy Trinity: Church, 87 
Human Anatomy, Department of, 

152 
Humphry Museum, 142, 143 
Hygiene, 143 

Jesus College, 91 

John (S.) the Baptist: Church, 79 

John (S.) the Evangelist: College, 48 

King's College, 10 ; Old Court, 21 
King's Ditch, 81, 91, 135 
King's Mill, 134 
King's Parade, 10 

Law School, 163 

Lewis Collection, 126 

Leys School, 3 

Little S. Mary's Church, 114 

London and County Bank, 126 

Macaulay, Tho. Babington : rooms, 
37 } statue, 39 



Magdalene College, 66 

Market-Place, 77 

Martyn, Hen. : Hall, 87 

Mary Magdalene (S.), Hospital of, 

101 
Mary (S.) the Great : Church, 3 
Mary (S.) the Less : Church, 114 
Mechanism, Department of, 159 
Medical Jurisprudence, 143 

— School, 143 
Michael (S.): Church of, 32 
Midsummer Fair, 99 
Midwifery, 143 
Milne Street, 134 
Milton, Joh.: mulberry tree, 86 
Mineralogy, Department of, 153 
Morbid Histology, 143 ^ 

Mortlock's Bank, 79 
Museums of Science, 139 

Newall Dome, 74 

New Theatre, 103 

Newnham College, 136 

Newton, Sir I. : rooms, 37 ; statue, 

39 
Northumberland equatorial, 74 

Observatory, 74 

Old Houses : in Trinity Street, 

32 ; Bridge Street, 65, 69 ; 

Petty Cury, 80; Silver Street, 

131 
Oriental Cafe, 33 
Our Lady and English Martyrs : 

Church, 1 

Parker's Piece, 102 
Pathology, Department of, 143 
Paul's (S): Church, 1 
Pembroke College, 119 
Pepys, Sam.: library, 67 
Perse Grammar School, 1 
Peter (S.): Church, 70 
Peterhouse, 111 
Petty Cury, 80 
Pharmacology, 143 
Philosophical Library, 140 
Physiological Laboratory, 151 
Pike and Eel Inn, 100 
Pitt Club, 90 
Pitt, Wm. : college rooms, 121 



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Index 



191 



Pitt Press, 123 
Police Station, 103 
Post-Office, 80 
Printing-press, 123 

Queens' College, 131 

Eed Lion Hotel, 80 

Eidley Hall, 135 

Eifle Eange, 138 

Eiver (The), 99 

Eose and Crown Inn, 32, 78 

Eound Church, 62 

Eudd's Hostel, 103 

School of Pythagoras, 74 
Sedgwick Museum of Geology, 170 
Selwyn College, 137 
Selwyn Divinity School, 48 
Senate House, 9 

— — Hill, 6 

— — Yard, 6 
Sepulchre, Holy : Church, 62 
Shire Hall : New, 71 ; Old, 78 
Sidney Sussex College, 88 
Simeon, Eev. Chas. : rooms, 19; 

portrait, ibid. ; tablet, 87 
Small Bridges, 134 
Society of Friends, 90 
Spenser, Edm., 121 
Squire Law Library, 163 
Stourbridge Chapel, 101 ; Common, 

ibid.; Fair, ibid. 
Surgery, Department of, 143 



Tennyson, Alf. : rooms, 47 
Thackeray.Wm. Makepeace: rooms, 

37 
Theatre, 103 
Three Tuns Inn, 80 
Trinity Church, 87 
Trinity College, 33 
Trinity Hall, 25 
Trumpington Gate, 123 
Turk's Head Cof ee-House, 33 

Union Society, 65 
University Arms Hotel, 102 

— Cricket Club, 102 

— Library, 6 ; west court and 

gate, 21 

— Press, 123 

Warwick Vase, 6 

Wesleyan Chapel : Hills Eoad, 1 ; 

Hobson St., 87 
Westfield, 75 
Westminster Theological College, 

74 
Whewell, Wm. : courts, 33; statue, 

39 
White, Hen. Kirke : monument, 50 
Wordsworth, Wm. : rooms, 56 
Wrestlers' Inn, 80 

Zoology, Department of, 146 

— Laboratory, 155 

— Museum, 147 



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( xi ) 



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( xii ) 



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UNTO THIS LAST. Four Essays on Political Economy. With 

Preface. jznd Thousand. 

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( xiii ) 



LIBRARY OF TRAVELS 

OF THE 

i6th & 17th CENTURIES 
Kaempfer's History of Japan, 1693 

Translated by J. G. Scheuchzer, F.R.S., London, from the 
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Dutch Embassy to the Emperor's Court. 3 vols. Demy 8vo, 
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Hakluyt's English Voyages 

12 vols. Demy 8vo. [Out of print. 

Purchas's Collection of Voyages 

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Corvat's Crudities 

Hastily gobled up in five moneths travells m France, Savoy, 
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\N early out of prhit. 

Lithgow's Painful Peregrinations 

The Totall Discourse of the Rare Adventures, and painefull 
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land to the most famous Kingdomes in Europe, Asia, and 
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( xiv ) 



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Byron's Works. 3 vols. 
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( xviii ) 




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( xix ) 



Facsimile of the Manuscript 



OF 



Milton's Minor Poems. 



MANY of those visitors to the Library of Trinity College 
Cambridge, who have seen the open pages of this precious 
volume of MS. displayed in the glass case, must have wished for an 
opportunity of examining the whole volume. As this was not 
possible with the original, the Council of the College have had pro- 
duced a most accurate facsimile, primarily for the members of their 
own Society, but with a limited number for the general public. 

The volume consists of 47 written pages, of which 40 are in 
Milton's autograph. 

Many of the poems have been written out two or three times, 
and great interest attaches to the list of subjects which had suggested 
themselves to him as suitable themes for his great poem, and to the 
notes and lists of persons for Paradise Lost as a drama. With 
regard to the Minor Poems Professor Masson says : " Even had 
Milton not given his Minor Poems to the world in print during his 
lifetime, those interesting productions of his genius would not have 
been wholly lost." 

The facsimiles are collotype from photographs by Mr. A. G. 
Dew Smith, and the Introduction is by Mr. Aldis Wright. 

The remaining copies are offered in half roxburghe, 
gilt top, 42s. nett. Unbound in case, 31s. 6d. net. 

ATHEN^UM. — ''T\\e piety of Trinity takes a worthy form in this 
magnificent memorial of a famous Cambridge poet. It consists of a photo- 
graphic facsimile of the well-known MS. of Milton's Minor Poems, together 
with a page-by-page reproduction of the text, with its complicated erasures 
and insertions, in ordinary type." 

GUARDIAN. — "There can be no doubt that Mr. Aldis Wright and 
Trinity College have done a good work in setting the contents of this 
precious manuscript beyond the risk of destruction, and both ihe facsimiles 
and the ingenious methods adopted for transcribing them, so as to show 
erasures and corrections, are worthy of all praise, " 

-»* 
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( XX ) 



BOOKS PUBLISHED BY 

MACMILLAN AND BOWES, CAMBRIDGE 

LOGGAN. 

CANTABRIGIA ILLUSTRATA. By David Loggan (first pub- 
lished in 1690). A Series of views of the University and Colleges, 
and of Eton College. Edited, with a life of Loggan, an Introduction, 
and historical and descriptive Notes by J. W. Clark, M.A., Hon. 
Litt.D. (Oxon), F.S.A., Registrary of the University of Cambridge, 
formerly Fellow of Trinity College. A reproduction in folio, the 
plates averaging 11x9 inches, the scarce portrait of the Duke of 
Somerset in Photogravure, the Centre Section of Hamond's Map of 
1592. Price £2 2s. net, or in morocco extra in the style of the 
Original Work, ^5 5^. net. Mr. Clark's Notes are in each case 
printed to face the Plate to which they refer. 

^ THE PROVOST OF KING'S {Dr. M. R. JAMES) in the 'Cambridge 
Review.' — "Our present purpose ... is to advertise to the Cambridge public the 
appearance of a most fascinating work. Mr. Clark [has re-edited Loggan's Cantabrigia 
Ilhtstrata with explanatory comments by himself, and no Cambridge man, who cares at 
all about the history of his own and of other Colleges, can long deny himself the pleasure 
of procuring the joint work of the engraver to both Universities and the Registrary of 
our own . . . What the Registrary has added from the treasure of his own knowledge 
is, like all his work, lucid, concise, relevant, and thoroughly helpful . . . To sum up, 
we have nothing but praise for the book, pictures and text alike. Messrs. Macmillan 
and Bowes have been most happily inspired in its production, and the two collaborators, 
without whom it could never have existed, have— not for the first time — earned our 
warmest thanks." 

A THENM UM.—'' Mr. J. W. Clark, the Registrary of the University, has rendered 
no ordinary service to Cambridge . . . But even the great task of giving to the world in 
1885 the ' Architectural History of Cambridge ' of his uncle, the late Prof. Willis, is 
scarcely a more important service than the publication of Loggan's Cantabrigia 
Illustrata.'" 

SCOTSMAN — "A work which cannot fail to win appreciation . . . for the remark- 
able beauty of design and accuracy of draughtsmanship revealed in the views." 

TIMES. — ' ' Reproducing the University of Cambridge with great architectural fidelity 
in 1690." 

OXFORD MAGAZINE.— ^' In this sumptuous book, which should be almost as 
popular in Oxford as Cambridge, all Loggan's engravings are beautifully reproduced, 
together with his title-page, dedication, and preface . . . All Loggan's plates are 
excellent, but the knowledge and appreciation of them is not nearly widely enough 
spread." 

ETON COLLEGE CHRONICLE.-" This edition of Loggan with descriptive 
notes by J. W. Clark, than whom none is a greater authority on Cambridge, should 
appeal to all lovers of architecture that can afford it . . . Eton was included by Loggan 
in his survey of the Cambridge Colleges. This fact was of course due to the connexion 
of Eton with King's and to Loggan's views we owe much of our early knowledge of the 
Eton buildings." 

Preparing for Publication. 

HAMOND'S PLAN OF CAMBRIDGE, 1592. The only copy 
of the whole of Hamond's map is in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 
from which the reproduction of the nine sheets by Collotype process 
will be made, together with the Plans of Lyne 1574, Fuller 1634, 
Loggan, full size 2 sheets, 1688, Custance 1798. The Plans will be 
accompanied by a description written by J. W. Clark, M.A., 
F.S.A., Hon. Litt.D. (Oxford), Registrary of the University. Price 
in Portfolio, 25^. net. 

( xxi ) 



MACMILLAN & BOWES' lAST— continued. 

BISHOP FISHER'S MORNYNGE REMEMBRAUNCE. This 
famous biography of the Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, the 
mother of King Henry VII., and first made public in the form of her 
funeral oration, is one of the earliest of English classics. 2is. net. 

It was first printed by Wynkyn de Worde, probably in 1509 ; and there has been no 
edition of it, with the exception of the Early Enghsh Text Society's complete edition of 
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It is printed in red and black, and contains as a frontispiece a symbolic portrait of 
the Lady Margaret by Mr, C. R. Ashbee, bound in white vellum wrapper. 

This edition printed at the Essex House Press is limited to 125 copies, and we 
have bought the copies not taken by subscribers. 

A Book of Wit and Humour. 

THE WORKS OF ARTHUR CLEMENT HILTON (Marl- 
borough, and St. John's College, Cambridge), Author of "The Light 
Green," with two illustrations, together with his Life and Letters, 
by Sir Robert Edgcumbe (of King's College, Cambridge), Author 
of "Zephyrus," &c. Price 5^. net, also in Vellum, gilt top. 12s. 6d. 
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the parent and the parasite. There are things in this delightful little book that will live 
among the best examples of English wit." 

ATKINSON, T. D.— CAMBRIDGE DESCRIBED AND 

Illustrated. A History of the Town and University. By T. D. 
Atkinson, with an Introduction by J. W. Clark, M.A. With 
29 Steel Plates, numerous Illustrations, and Maps. Medium 8vo. 
Cheaper Issue, 12s. 6d. net. 

GUARDIAN. — "Gives in convenient form and with abundance of excellent illus- 
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BOWES, ROBERT.— A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS PRINTED 

at or relating to the University, Town, and County of Cambridge 
from 1 52 1 to 1893, with Bibliographical and Biographical Notes by 
Robert Bowes. 98 Illustrations of head and tail-pieces, initial 
letters, etc. With Index, 2 vols, in i, cloth. 7j. 6d. net. 2 vols, 
handmade paper, buckram, 15^. net. 

'* Mr. Bowes' interesting ' Catalogue of Books printed at or relating to the University, 
Town, and County of Cambridge ' although the compiler modestly describes it ' as only 
a bookseller's catalogue, not a bibliography, and it therefore describes only the books we 
actually possess,' is certainly very much more than a bookseller's catalogue, being an 
accurate and adequate description of 1418 works, and with the compiler's ' Biographical 
Notes on the University Printers from the commencement of Printing in Cambridge to 
the present time,' only needs supplementing to form a complete bibliography of Cambridge 
books," — Mr. R. C. Christie, " Special Bibliographies," read before the Bibliographical 
Society, May 15, 1893. On parts i to 3. 

CAMBRIDGE REVIEW.— THE BOOK OF THE CAM- 

bridge Review, Selections from 1879— 1897. Fcap. 8vo. <fS. net. 

GRANTA. — "The whole appearance of the volume is simply admirable, and the 
printing is good, the paper light, the binding tasteful. The book is readable from cover 
to cover." 

( xxii ) 



MACMILLAN AND BOWES' lAST—contint^ed. 

CAMBRIDGE ANTiaTTARIAN SOCIETY'S RECENT 
PUBLICATIONS : 

An Index to the Reports and Abstracts, etc. 1840 — 1897. 

pp. xvi + 80. 1898. 3^. 6d. net. No. XXX. 
The Place-names of Bedfordshire. By Professor W. W. Skeat, 

Litt.D. 3J. 6d. net. No. XLII, 
Cambridgeshire Place-names. By Professor Skeat, Litt.D. 

pp. 80. 1901. 3^. 6d. net. No. XXXVI. 
The Chaplains and the Chapel of the University of Cam- 
bridge (1256— 1568). By H. P. Stokes, LT..D. pp. vm+ioo + 

5 plates. 1906. 5j. net.' No. XLI. 
Annals of Gonville and Caius College. By John Caius. 

Edited by J. Venn, Sc.D. pp. xiii + 431. 1904. 15j.net. No. XL. 
Cambridge Gild Records. Edited hy Mary Bateson, with a 

preface by the Rev. W. Cunningham, D.D. pp. 176. 1903. 

7^. (>d net. No. XXXIX. 
The Verses formerly inscribed on the Twelve Windows 

in the Choir of Canterbury Cathedral. Edited by M. R. James, 

Litt.D. pp. 42. 1901. 2s. net. No. XXXVIII. 
Accounts of the Churchwardens of Saint Mary the Great. 

Ed. by J. E. Foster, M.A. viii + 598. 1905. 21s. net. No. XXXV. 

Liber de obitibus [Christ Church, Canterbury], Autore JOH. Stone 

[141 5— 1472]. Edited by the Rev. W. G. Searle, M.A. pp. 196. 

1902. ss. net. No. XXXIV. 
The Manuscripts in the Library at Lambeth Palace. By 

M. R. James, Litt.D. pp. 64. 1900. 35-. 6d. net. No. XXXIII. 
The Sources of Archbishop Parker's Collection of MSS. 

at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. By M. R. James, Litt.D. 

pp. 84. 1899. 5^ net. No. XXXII. 
The Priory of Saint Radegund, Cambridge. By Arthur 

Gray, M.A. pp. viii + 197 + plan and illustrations in the text. 1898. 

5^. net. No. XXXI. 

EXTRA PUBLICATIONS. 

LUARD MEMORIAL SERIES: Records of the Univer- 
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Vol. I. *' Grace Book A," containing the Proctors' Ac- 
counts and other Records of the University of Cambridge for the 
years I4';4— T488. Edited by Stanley M. Leathes, M.A. pp. 
xliv + 276. 1897. 

A THENMUM. " Many a biographer who has grieved over the fact that Cooi>er's 
AihencB began in 1500 and no earlier will find in "Grace Book A" a most precious 
appendix." 

Vol. II. "Grace Book B,'» Part L, 1488— 1511. Edited by Mary 

Bateson. pp. xxvii + 309. 1903, 
Vol. III. *' Grace Book B," Part II. Edited by Mary Bateson. 

1905. 

A Catalogue with titles and prices ^ showing which parts are still in prints 
can be had on application. 

( xxiii ) 



MACMILLAN & BOWES' lA^T— continued. 

CAMBRIDGE FIRST PRINTING, 1521^1522. Reproductions 
in Facsimile of the following Works, printed at Cambridge, by John 
SiBERCH : 

Henry Bullock. Oratio habita Cantabrigiae. Cant. 1521. 

With a Biographical Introduction. By Henry Bradshaw. 5^. net. 
Cujusdam Udells Christiani Epistola ad Christianos omnes, 
cScc. Subsequitur Divi Augustini sermo ITANTHNMETABOAH. Cant. 
1 52 1. Reproduced from the only known copy in the Bodleian Library. 
5>r. net, 

Galeni Pergamensis de Temperamentis et de Insequali In- 

temperie Labri tres. Thoma Linacro Anglo Interprete, 1521. Repro- 
duced in exact facsimile. With an Introduction by J. Frank Payne, 
M.D., Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and a Portrait of Linacre. 
loj-. 6d. net. 

Papyrii Gemini Eleatis Hermathena, seu de eloquentise 

victoria. Cant. 1522. ^s. net. 
Reproduced from the copy in St. John's College library, with an Appendix taken from 
Mr. Bradshaw's notes, illustrated by two title-pages in different states, viz. Mr. Brad- 
shaw's own copy, and that belonging to the Duke of Devonshire. 

John Siberch. Bibliographical Notes 1886—1905. By 

Robert Bowes and G. J. Gray. Supplementary to the Notes of the 
late Henry Bradshaw, printed in 1886. With facsimile of Title 
pages, Colophons, Ornaments, Initial Letters, Woodcuts, &c,, used by 
John Siberch. Small 4to. Ts. 6d. net. (Limited to 150 copies.) 

CLARK, J. W.— lilBRARIES IN THE MEDIEVAL AND 

the Renaissance Periods. The Rede Lecture, delivered June 13, 1894. 
7 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. 

A CONCISE GUIDE TO THE TOWN AND UNIVER- 

sity of Cambridge in P'our Walks. With Map and 65 Illustrations. 
i2mo. IS. net. 

See also Atkinson, Loggan. 

CONCISE GUIDE TO ELY CATHEDRAL IN ONE 

Walk. 6d. net. 
OLD FRIENDS AT CAMBRIDGE AND ELSEWHERE. 

Crown 8vo. Reduced price, 2s. 6d. net. 
WilUam Whewell, Connop Thirlwall, R. M. Milnes (Lord Houghton), 
E. H. Palmer, F. M. Balfour, H. Bradshaw, W^ H. Thompson, Coutts 
Trotter, Richard Okes, H. R. Luard, and Richard Owen. 

CONYBEABE, J. W. E.— MAP TO ILLUSTRATE HIS His- 
tory of Cambridgeshire. Marked with Roman Roads, British Dykes, 
Religious Houses, Shrines, etc., Parish Churches. 4to. is. 6d. net. 
A few copies of the History, 8vo, handmade paper, with the map, 6s. 

net ; 4to, 12s. net. 

DE MORGAN, A.— THE BOOK OF ALMANACS, with an Index 
of Reference, by which the Almanac may be found for every year, from 
any Epoch, up. to A.D. 2000, etc. 2nd edit. 1871. Cloth, 6^. net. 

" My main object is, in matters purely chronological, to supply the place of the old 
almanac, which is never at hand when wanted — of the older almanac, which never was 
at hand — of the future almanac, which is not yet to hand — and of the universal almanac 
in every shape." — Author's Preface. 

( xxiv ) 



MACMILLAN & BOWES' lAST— continued. 

FARREN, ROBERT.— ETCHINGS: THE GRANTA AND 

the Cam. From Byron's Pool to Ely. Drawn and Etched by Robert 
Farren. Large Imperial 4to, cloth. 31J. 6d. net. Proofs on large 
paper, half morocco, nearly out of print. £^ ^s. net. 

SA TURDA Y REVIEW. — " Here is a collection of etchings which are a pure de- 
light to every lover of river scenery." 

CAMBRIDGE AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. A Series 

of Forty Etchings. With an Introduction by John Willis Clark, 
M.A. Large Imperial 4to, cloth. 31^'. (>d. net. Proofs on large 
paper, Columbier 4to, half-bound. £\ 4J. net. 

SATURDAY REVIEW.— '■'T\\& artist has by these engravings established his 
reputation as a spirited and successful etcher, while he has been fortunate enough to se- 
cure the assistance of Mr. J. W. Clark for the letterpress." 

CROMWELL. An Etching of the Portrait of Oliver Cromwell 

by Samuel Cooper [or Sir Peter Lely ?] at Sidney College. 
Numbered proofs. £2 2s. Prints at 12s. each net. The whole 
number of copies is limited to 75. 

THE FEN LANDS OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Fifty Artist's 

proofs. Large folio. £2 12s. 6d. net. 

CATHEDRAL CITIES. The 3 vols. £4 4s. net. Proofs ^8 Ss. net. 
Or separately as follows : 

CATHEDRAL CITIES: YORK, LINCOLN, AND 

Beverley. Drawn and Etched by Robt. Farren, with an Intro- 
duction by Prof. Freeman, D.C.L. 75 copies, proofs, in folio, half 
roxburghe. £^ 3^. net. 200 copies, Columbier 4to, handsomely 
bound in cloth. 31^-. 6d. net. 
TIMES. — "The subjects are generally well chosen, and the drawings, not being 
overburdened with detail, give a good and pleasing impression of the buildings." 

CATHEDRAL CITIES : ELY AND NORWICH. Drawn 

and Etched by Robert Farren, with an Introduction by Edward 
A. Freeman, D.C.L. 100 proofs folio on Japanese paper, half- 
bound. £^ 3^, net. 300 copies, Columbier 4to, on Dutch paper. 
3 1 J. 6d. net. 

SA TURDA Y REVIEW.— "The singular interest and beauty of these two East- 
Anglian Minsters and their singular difference give an excellent subject for both needle 
and pen. Mr. Freeman's competence for his own part of the matter needs no comment. 
Mr.'Farren has executed his thirty-five plates with immense care and with great success." 

CATHEDRAL CITIES: PETERBOROUGH WITH THE 

Abbeys of Crowland and Thorney. Drawn and Etched by Robert 
Farren, with an Introduction by Edmund Venables, M.A., Pre- 
centor of Lincoln. 45 copies, proofs, folio, half roxburghe. £^ 3^. 
net. 125 copies, Columbier 4to, bound in cloth 31J. 6d. net. 

BATTLE GROUNDS OF THE EIGHTS : THE 

Thames, the Isis, the Cam. 9 Etchings. 7^. 6d. net. 

TWENTY ETCHINGS FROM "THE MEMORIALS 

of Cambridge." India paper, i^s. net. 

FARREN R. and M.— A ROUND OF MELODIES. A Series 
of Twenty-four Etchings. Proofs on Japanese paper, in portfolio. 
21s, net. Only 200 copies printed, of which but 30 now remain. 

See a/so Greek Plays. 

( XXV ) 



MACMILLAN & BOWES' lA^T— continued. 

GREEK PLAYS PERFORMED AT CAMBRIDGE : - 

1883 and 1903. The Birds of Aristophanes, with English 
Version by B. H. Kennedy. 2s. net. 

The Birds of Aristophanes, trans, by J. Hookham Frere. is. net. 

The Music of the Birds by Sir Hubert Parry, with English Version 

by A. W. Verrall. ^s. net. The Music, smaller edit., 3^-. net. 

1885 and 1906. The Eumenides of -aSschylus, with English 
Version by A. W. Verrall. 2s. net. 

The Music by Sir C. V. Stanford. 

1887. The CEdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles, with translation in 
prose by Sir R. C, Jebb, and translation of the Songs of the Chorus in 
verse by A. W. Verrall. 2$. net. 
The Text with the Incidental Music by Sir C. V. Stanford. 4j. 6d. net. 

1890. The Ion of Euripides, with a translation in prose by M. A. 
Bayfield. 2s. net. 
The Text with the Incidental Music by Charles Wood. 4i^. 6d. net. 

1894. The Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides, with a transla- 
tion in prose by A. W. Verrall. 2s. net. 

The Music by Charles Wood, with English translation by A. W. 
Verrall. 3^. net. 

1897. The Wasps of Aristophanes, with verse translation by 
B. B. Rogers. 2s. net. 

The Music by T. Tertius Noble, with English translation by B. E. 
Rogers and Wilfred A. Gill. 3^. net. 

1900. The Agamemnon of wSEschylus, with verse translation by 

Miss Anna Swanwick. 2s. net. 

The Music by Sir Hubert Parry. 3^. net. 

ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE ABOVE. 

The few copies that still lemain of the following Illustrations of the Greek 
Plays are offered at the reduced prices affixed — 

By ROBERT FARREN. 

1888. The Birds of Aristophanes. Paper covers, ds, net ; cloth, 
9^. net. Proof, paper covers, 18 J. net ; cloth, 2\s. net. 

1885. The Eumenides of iEschylus. Paper covers, 5j. net ; cloth, 
"js. 6d. net. — Proofs, paper covers, 9^. net; cloth, 12s. net. 

1887. The OSdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles. Paper covers, Ss. 
net; cloth, ^s. 6d. net, — Proofs, paper covers, 9^. net; cloth, I2s. net. 

1894. The Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides. One hundred 
copies 4to, in paper covers, 5^. net ; cloth, 7^. 6d. net. — Fifty copies 
proofs in paper covers, 9^. net ; cloth, 12s. net. 

( xxvi ) 



MACMILLAN & BOWES' lA'^T— continued. 

KELLETT, E. E. -CARMINA EPHEMERA, or Trivial Num- 
bers. By E. E. Kellett, Author of "Jetsam," "The Passing of 
Scyld," etc. Fcap. 8vo. t,s. 6d. net. 

GLASGOIV HERALD.— ''The title of this volume explains its character and value. 
Yet there are things in it that the title does not exactly cover. It is wonderfully clever, 
and sometimes Mr. Kellett touches a theme in a manner which is much beyond the 
ephemeral and trivial." 

PUNNETT, R. C. -MENDELISM. A Brief Account of Mendel 
and his experiments with Plant Hybridization, and his discovery in 
heredity, *' of which the story forms one of the most romantic chapters 
in the history of science. " i6mo, cloth, 2j.net. 

ZOOLOGIST.— '' Gr&gOT Mendel, the future Abbot of Brunn, prepared this paper 
in the cloister, which reminds us of Porelli writing his ' Te Motu_ Animalium' under 
somewhat similar circumstances. Mr. Punnett has given us some interesting traits in 
the life of Abbot Mendel. . . . He has produced a particularly concise statement of the 
experiments which have prompted the teachings of what is styled ' Mendelism,' and has 
contributed a valuable addition to our ever increasing evolutionary literature." 

GLASGOIV HERALD.—"' This is an excellent little book explanatory of the now 
much-discussed experiments of Mendel on the crossing of different plant forms and on the 
subsequent results obtained in the way of hybrids." 

POWELL, HELENA L. (Principal of the Cambridge Training Col- 
lege). — Religious Teaching in Schools. Crown 8vo. 3^/. net. 
SCHOOL G UA RDIA N.—' ' We agree with it entirely, and hope that many teachers 
will read it . . . its thoughtful words concerning what to aim at in teaching and how to 
draw out the hidden lessons from the sacred narrative ..." 

STEPHEN, J. K.— LAPSUS CALAMI. New Edition, with con- 
siderable omissions and additions. 1891. Svo, large handmade 
paper, each copy signed by the Author. Reduced price, ds. 6d. net. 

ClUO MUSA TENDIS. First Edition, 1891. 3^. 6^. net ; large 

. handmade paper, reduced price, 6j. 6d. net. 

LAPSUS CALAMI AND OTHER VERSES. Third com- 
plete Collected Edition, 1905. With a Biographical Introduction and 
Photogravure Portrait after a Chalk Drawing by F. Miller. Fcap. 
Svo, cloth, 5 J. net. 

TIMES.— '' Many admirers of the late James Kenneth Stephen will be glad to have 
in one volume ' I-apsus Calami and other verses ' a complete edition of his verse. Messrs. 
Macmillan and Bowes, of Cambridge, have thrown together the two volumes known as 
' Lapsus Calami' and ' Quo Musa Tendis,' and these, with a short sketch of the Author's 
life, and with the prose that is buried in the pages of the dead 'Reflector,' must now 
represent for us one of the most individual talents of our time." 

SCOTSMAN.—" If he left little behind him, that little is almost perfect of its kind, 
and will not soon be forgotten. Those who have read and enjoyed his verses will be glad 
of them in this complete form." 

SPECTATOR. — "J. K. S.'s parodies are of more than moderate merit . , . they 
make one almost think that the parody must have been written by the poet parodied in a 
moment of amused self-ridicule." 

THE LIVING LANGUAGES : A Defence of the Compulsory 

Study of Greek at Cambridge. 1891. is. net. 

STOKES, Prof. Sir G. G.— MEDAL DESIGNED BY Mr. DE 

Saulles and presented to Professor Sir G. G. Stokes, Bart., by the 
University of Cambridge. Copies in bronze, enclosed in leather case, 
can still be obtained, price 15^. net. 

( xxvii ) 



MACMILLAN & BOWES' LlST—con^mued. 

WARDALE, J. R,.— CLARE COLLEGE LETTERS AND 

Documents. Edited with Notes by J, R. Wardale, M.A., Fellow 
of Clare College. With Portrait of the Foundress in Photogravure, 
six other Portraits, Latimer, Tillotson, Bishop Gunning, Nicholas 
Ferrar, Whiston and Moore, and Facsimiles of Signatures. Crown 
8vo. 5.f. net. — Separate copies of the portrait of the Foundress. 
2s. 6d. net. — And with the Arms in Colours. 7^. 6d. net. 

GLOBE. — "Some very interesting sidelights are thrown on history, and it is hoped 
that the excellent example thus set will lead to further researches in College Muniment 
rooms." 

WHERRY, GEORGE.— ALPINE NOTES, AND THE CLIMB- 

ing Foot. With map and 21 Illustrations. Reduced price, is. dd. net. 

WHETHAM, CATHERINE D., and W. C. D., M.A., F.R.S.— 
Studies in Nature and Country Life. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. 

Contents : Part I. Chapter I. Nature and Observation ; IL Earth ; 
IIL Air ; IV. Water ; V. Heat ; VI. Sound ; VII. Light and Colour ; 
VIII. The Weather. Part II Chapter IX. The Country and its Names ; 
X. Roads ; XL Springs and Streams ; XII. Soil ; XIII. Fields and 
Hedgerows; XIV. Trees and Woods; XV. Villages. 

TIMES. — "A useful little book, not quite liice any other. It is to teach children to 
look on nature with observation and understanding ; touching not so much on fauna and 
flora, but giving chapters on 'Earth,' 'Heat,' 'The Weather,' 'Roads,' 'Light and 
Colour,' Villages,' etc." 

WILSON, JOHN DOVER.— JOHN LYLY. The Harness Prize 
for 1904. Crown 8vo. 3^'. net. 

SPEAKER. — "Mr. Wilson's summary of the researches ot previous scholars upon 
the problem of the genesis of Euphuism, together with his own observations on that 
much-vexed question, forms the most valuable part of his work. There can be little 
doubt that he has satisfactorily established his main contention — that the euphuistic style 
owed its origin in England neither to the mere force of Spanish example, nor to the mere 
genius of Lyly." 

OXFORD MAGAZINE.— '' K useful little contribution to literary history." 

PALL MALL GAZETTE.— '^ It gives in moderate compass and with concise 
accuracy an account of the life and writings of one whose name means much in the history 
of English literature." 

MANCHESTER GUARDIAN.— "We have great satisfaction in recommending 
this scholarly dissertation to the students of the early Elizabethan drama." 



Gothic Ornaments in the Cathedral 
Church at York. 

Drawn and etched by JOSEPH HALFPENNY, 1795. With 
a preface by the late Rev. Canon Raine, 1894. 
Folio, bound in half morocco. Published at £i ^s. ; 
now offered for 25^. 100 copies issued, and only 16 
remain for sale. 

MACMILLAN & BOWES, CAMBRIDGE. 
( xxviii ) 



IMPORTANT REMAINDERS 

ON SALE BY 

MACMiLLAN AND BOWES 



THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ADAM SEDGWICK, 1785- 

1873, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 
Prebendary of Norwich, Woodwardian Professor of Geology 1818 — 
1873. By John Willis Clark, M.A., F.S.A., Formerly Fellow of 
Trinity College ; and Thomas McKenny Hughes, F.R.S., F.S.A., 
F.G.S., Woodwardian Professor of Geology. 2 vols. 8vo. Contain- 
ing 12 full-page Illustrations, Portraits of Sedgwick {2), John Dawson,. 
John Woodward, Rev. R. Sedgwick, Maps of Dent Dale, Geological 
Plates, Views in Dent Dale, &c., and 24 illustrations in the text. 

Published 36/-, offered for 7/6. 

Tlie Life of Adam Sedgwick in Cambridge throws much light on Univer- 
sity history for 70 years of the nineteenth century (1804—1873). No one 
was more widely known, and his lectures were attended not only by 
geological students, but by successive generations of men eminent iiL 
other branches of University study. 

Opinions of the Press on the publication of the * Life and Letters.' 

NA TURE. — " Mr. Clark has had at his disposal a large amount of material, from 
which he has drawn a picture no less vivid than accurate — as we feel sure those who 
knew the original will admit — of a man of remarkable genius and almost unique per- 
sonality. He has told us the story of Sedgwick's life, he has woven into it Sedgwick's^ 
letters, and the result is a book which is worthy to be classed with the two best 
biographies, at any rate of recent date, of distinguished sons of Cambridge — those of 
Charles Kingsley and Charles Darwin." 

JOHN STEVENS HENSLOW [1796— 1861], Prof of Botany.— 
Memoir. By Leonard Jenyns. With photographic portrait. 
Crown 8vo, cloth. 1862. Published 7^-, dd., offered at 2s. dd. net. 

Henslow was Professor of Botany at Cambridge from 1827 until his death in 1861,. 
and the work he did for the advancement of the study of Botany in Cambridge as a 
distinguished and successful teacher and by the foundation of the Botanical Museum 
have been specially brought to the notice of the present generation by the recent opening 
of the new buildings by the King. Henslow was also associated with Sedgwick, Wbewell, 
and other men af science in Cambridge in founding the "Cambridge Philosophical 
Society." It was he who recommended Charles Darwin as Naturalist of the Beagle 
(See '' Life and Letters of Charles Darwin," Vol. I., p. 191 and following). 



THE SEALS AND ARMORIAL INSIGNIA OF THE Uni- 
versity of Cambridge. By W. H. St. John Hope. 4to. Plate>. 
y. net. 



MACMILLAN & BOWES, CAMBRIDGE. 

( xxix ) 



A Beautijully Illustrated Vohmie at a Greatly Reduced Price. 

Quarto, Cloth, gilt top. Published in 1896 at Two Guineas net. 

NOW OFFERED AT 10s. 6d. NET. 

CHOIR STALLS AND 
THEIR CARVINGS 

A Series of Examples of Misericords in some English 
Cathedrals and Churches 

WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND DESCRliPTIVE NOTES 

By EMMA PHIPSON 

Containing 300 Examples Illustrated on 100 Photo-Lithographic Plates 
Reproduced from the Original Sketches of the Author 

NO work has yet appeared dealing exclusively and exhaustively 
with these old carvings, rich as they are with their wealth of 
myth, beauty, humour, and antiquarian interest. In most of the 
choirs of our Cathedrals we find a range of fifty or sixty carved 
pictures in which the costume and the manners and customs of our 
ancestors in Medieval times are quaintly portrayed, the groups of 
figures being frequently enriched with sprays or bosses of foliage, 
in many cases exquisitely carved. 

In the fragmentary literature already existing on this subject 
only a small number of the examples illustrated and described in 
the present work have been included, and it is hoped that the 
amusing specimens of the Carver's skill depicted herein may prove 
acceptable to all those who take an interest in the Minor Arts as 
practised in England during the Middle Ages. 

CHURCH TIMES. — "No student of church carvings should be with- 
out this book." 

THE ANTIQUARY. — "Miss Phipson has produced an excellent 
book, and one which has long been wanted. A systematic study of the 
carving and devices of the misericords of the choir stalls of our English 
Chuirches has never before been attempted ; and now, for the first time, it 
is possible to compare their different types and characteristics in a dated 
sequence from the thirteenth to the end of the seventeenth century." 

BUILDER. — " A very extensive treasury of illustrations of this branch 

of medieval art The whole collection is most curious, and affords 

a continual surprise* to the reader in turning over the pages. It ought to 
be quite a popular book of illustrations of medieval jest and fancy." 

SA TURDAY REVIEW. — " For the first time, as we believe, here is 
an attempt to record and illustrate, in some sense proportionately to their 
importance, these most interesting relics of medieval arts." 

MACMILLAN & BOWES, CAMBRIDGE. 

( XXX ) 



Sculptures in the Lady Chapel at Ely. 

Illustrated in 55 Collotype Plates. With descriptions 
and identifications by MONTAGUE RHODES JAMES, 
Litt.D. Preface by the LORD BISHOP OF ELY. 
4to, cloth. 1895. 2 IS. 

The Lady Chapel is surrounded in the interior by a wonderfully 
rich and beautiful arcade ; each compartment of it consists of a 
niche and two spandrels, and in each spandrel is a group of figures. 
These figures furnish the first and largest part of the iconography 
of the chapel. The second class consists of bosses m the vaulting 
of the roof, of which a certain number have figured representations 
upon them. 

"I have long felt that it is most desirable that the beautiful sculptures 
of the Lady Chapel of the Cathedral of Ely should be published, not merely 
on account of the danger of their perishing, but also on account of their 
value as examples of Gothic stone work of the best period." — Preface of the 
Lord Bishop of Ely. 

MACMILLAN & BOWES, CAMBRIDGE. 



INDEX OF ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Albany Cafi5, St. Mary's Passage, vi 

Allen, George, Publisher, xiii 

Bemrose & Son, Publishers, vii 

Blue Boar Hotel, Trinity Street, x 

Buol's Restaurant, &c., xvi 

Cambridge University Press, iii 

Cassell & Co., Publishers, xi 

Ye Old Castel Hotel, St. Andrew's St., iv 

Coulson & Lefts, Builders, &c., xv 

Cox & Allen, Bookbinders, &c., vi 

Dent & Co., Publishers, v 

Favell, Ellis & Sons, Decorators, &c., xii 

Great Northern Hotel, Station Road (A. A. 

Burn), ii 
Hattersley Brotheis', Grocers, &c., page 3 

of Cover 
G. P. Hawkins, Confectioner, &c., facing 

page e of Cover 
Hoop Hotel, Bridge Street, xix 
Johnson Harry & Nephew, Booksellers, 

Stationers, i 
Leach F. R. & Sons, Art Workmen, &c., 

xi 
H. Liddiard, Cycle and Motor Depot, xviii 
Lincolne & Son, Grocers, &c., xvi 
Lion Hotel, (A. A. Moyes) on Map 



Macintosh A. & Sons, Ltd. Ironmongers, 

&c., iv 
MacLehose, James & Sons, Publishers, 

Glasgow, xiv 
Macmillan & Bowes, xvii, xx — xx.\i 
Macmillan & Co., London, viii, ix 
The Caf6, Trinity Street, (Matthew & Sons) 

page 4 of Cover 
Miller & Sons, Organ Builders, &c., i 
Neal, James & Sons, Tailors, &c., ii 
Newnes' Thin Paper Classics, London, xvii 
Palmer, J. S., Hatter, &c., iv 
Perse Grammar School, xxxii 
Phillips, E M., Ecclesiastical and Art 

Embroiderer, xviii 
Prime, F. J. & T. E., Builders, xix 
Shippey & Son, Ironmongers, &c., ii 
Smiths' Fruit Shops, Station Road, &c., ii 
Smiths' Dairy, &c., Station Road, xvii 
George Stace, Milliner, &c., page 192 
Stoakley & Son, page 192 
Tredgett & Sons, Bouquets, &c., xii 
University Arms Hotel, page 2 of Cover 
Weatherhead's, Stationers, vii 
Whitmore & Co , Wine Merchants, &c., 

facing Title-page 



( xxxi ) 



PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE. 

IbeaD /iRaster. 

W. H. D. ROUSE, Esq., Liit.D., Christ's College. 
Governors of the Perse School Trust. 

Ald. a. I. TILLY ARD, M.A., J. P., St. John's College, {Chairman). 

Dr. H. F. baker, F.R.S., St. John's College. 

W. G. BELL, Esq., M.A., Trinity Hall. 

ROBERT BOWES, Esq. 

Very Rev. H. M. BUTLER, D.D., Master of Trinity College. 

Ald. W. W. CLEAR, J, P. 

Ald. Dr. J. H. C. D ALTON, J. P., Trinity College. 

E. O. FORD HAM, Esq., J. P., C.C. 

E. G. GALLOP, Esq., M.A., Gonville and Caius College. 

Rev. J. B. LOCK, M.A., Gonville and Caius College. 

W. L. MOLLISON, Esq., M.A., Clare College. 

M. M. PATTISON MUIR, Esq., M.A., Gonville and Caius College. 

Rev. W. B. SELBIE, M.A., Trinity Hall. 

Ald. W. p. SPALDING, J.P. 

The Governors desire to call attention to 

THE ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY THIS SCHOOL, 

which 

PREPARES BOYS FOR THE UNIVERSITIES AND FOR 

PROFESSIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CAREERS. 

Under the Head- Mastership of Dr. Rouse, efforts have been made to 
improve on the ordinary methods of teaching. 

Of the distinctive features of the School work, the following may be 
specially mentioned : — 

(i) Improved teaching of the Classics, resulting in a great saving of 
time. 

(2) Spoken French and German. 

(3) Teaching of English and English Literature in all the classes. 

(4) A carefully graded Science course. 

(5) Drawing leading up to the Engineering Tripos. 

The work of the Preparatory School is also specially suited for can-, 
didates for the Navy. 

A detailed Account of the Work of the School has been drawn up, 
and may, together with the ordinary Prospectus, be had of the Clerk to 
the Governors, J. F. EADEN, Esq., 15, Sidney Street, Cambridge. 

( xxxii ) 



EST. 1838. Telephone Nos. 0275, 0349. 

THE DOROTHY CAF^, 

21, SIDNEY STREET 

(nearly opposite Market St). 

THE CAMBRIDGE CAF^, 

47 & 48 SIDNEY STREET 

(opposite Sidney Sussex College). 

HIGH CLASS LUNCHEON AND 
TEA ROOMS. 

SMOKE ROOM. LADIES^ ROOM. 

PRIVATE ROOMS FOR PARTIES. 



High Class English and Continental 
Fancies prepared under conditions of the 
utmost cleanliness, fresh daily from our 
Model Bakery. 

ICES. LUNCHEON AND TEA HAMPERS. 

Balls, Wedding Receptions, Picnics catered for. 

G. P. HAWKINS, Proprietor, 

21, 47, 48, Sidney Street, 
19 & 20, Fitzroy Street, 
Bakery, Parsonage Street. 



Telephone: No. 16. Telegrams: Whitmore, Camb. 

WHITMORE & Co. Ltd. 

WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS, 

DOWNING STREET, 
27, TRINITY STREET, 

AND 

10, MARKET HILL, CAMBRIDGE. 





AGENTS FOR— 


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... Bordeaux 




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, Moet et Chandon 


... Epernay 




, Lanson, pere et fils 


... Reims 




Delbeck & Co 


... Reims 




, Ackerman Laurance 


. . . Saumur 




, de Rosnay freres... 


. . . Reims 




, Burgoyne & Co 


. . . Australia 




, John Jameson & Son .. 


... Dublin 




, Ross & Cameron... 


... Inverness 




, John Hopkins & Co., " 


Old Mull" Blend 




, Otard & Co 


... Cognac 




, Drahonnet & Co. 


... Cognac 




, AUsopp & Sons ... 


Burton 




, Bass & Co. 


Burton 




, Guinness, Son & Co. 


Dublin 




, Greene, King & Sons . 


Bury 




, Aitchison & Co 


Scotland 




, Jacob Lager 


Frankfort-on- M aine 



SOLE AGENTS AND EXPORTERS OF 



LEJL 'iO 



PERRIER WATER. 



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Excellent Stabling and Carriages. 
Large Garage, Petrol stored. 



tPi0iton3 to Cambri&ge 6boul& mxee 
the opportunity of taUino awa^ with 
11 a copv of '']^c ©l^c Carnbri&oc aie 
I/' nia&c b^ Mc&dwoo<) in 6i3ce, with 
arm0 on, in cither (Bolb or (roIourt5. 
Iginal, 5uppo6c^ to Ik Carli? IRoman, 
liecovercb in biooino founbatione of 
fc prcmi6C6 BJS>. 1850 anb can be seen 
be Hrcbacological fIDuseunu 



RSIJ 
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RROTHFRS 



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.ISHED 
1761 



ELEPHONE 



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THE CAFE, M, TRINITY STREE' 



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Luncheons, Dinners, Teas, etc. 

Home-made Cakes, Pastry, Tea Cakes, etc. 

fresh daily. 

Caterers for Qarden Parties, Weddings, Balls, etc. 

SMOKING ROOM. 



